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Predation is when one animal hunts and kills another animal for food. It matters because it's a fundamental way that animals survive and obtain nutrition, and it shapes how different species interact with each other in nature.
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Wikidata facts
- Subclass of
- feeding behavior
- Part of
- predator–prey system
- Image
- GreatBlueHeronTampaFL.JPG
- Said to be same as
- predator
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- Commons category
- Predation
- topic's main category
- Category:Predation
- on focus list of Wikimedia project
- Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4
- described by source
- Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition
- role of agent(s) of action
- predator
- different from
- hunting
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Article · 中文
捕食(英語:predation),或稱獵食或掠食,是生態學中一種生物互動方式。捕食者(predator)會捕捉其他的动物并进食其躯体部位消化成自身可用的营养和能量,而被捕食的目标則稱為獵物(prey)。经常捕食某种猎物的捕食者被称为这种猎物的天敌(natural enemy)。 弱肉强食是生态环境里的常见的物种竞争方式,许多捕食者自己也会成为其它更大更强的生物所捕食的猎物,形成一条多环节相互依次捕食的食物链。而处于生态塔最顶端的捕食者称为顶级掠食者(apex predator)或超级掠食者(superpredator),通常是体型最大、体能最强、习性最凶猛的食肉动物。虽然捕食通常都是暴力的,但在進食或行動的過程裡,捕食者不一定會马上殺死牠們的獵物。 此外生態學上還有另一類稱為食腐動物的異營生物,以死亡动物殘留下來的有機物質為食,扮演“清除者”的角色。因为食腐获得的营养和能量并非通过自身捕杀活物得到,所以并不算是捕食,而是一种投机性的牧食。不過许多捕食者在食源没有保障的情况下也会用食腐度日。有時候捕食與食腐兩種行為並不容易完全地分開,舉例而言,某些寄生性物種會捕食寄主,並在其身上下蛋,讓後代能以腐爛的寄主屍體為食。捕食行為的關鍵特徵在於捕食者對獵物族群有直接影響,而食腐行為則單純只吃身邊可食的已死對象,且對「供給」食物的個體沒有直接影響。
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