Q11368
Sign in to saveUnix (, ; trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multi-user computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, the development of which started in 1969 at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others. Initially intended for use inside the Bell System, AT&T licensed Unix to outside parties in the late 1970s, leading to a variety of both academic and commercial Unix variants from vendors including University of California, Berkeley (BSD), Microsoft (Xenix), Sun Microsystems (SunOS/Solaris), HP/HPE (HP-UX), and IBM (AIX).
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Key facts
- OS.name
- Unix
- OS.logo
- UNIX logo.svg
- OS.logo_alt
- Unix logo with text: UNIX® An Open Group Standard
- OS.logo_size
- 220px
- OS.screenshot
- Simh-pdp11-unix-sysiii.png
- OS.screenshot_size
- 250px
- OS.caption
- UNIX System III running on a PDP-11 simulator
- OS.developer
- Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Brian Kernighan, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna at Bell Labs
- OS.programmed_in
- C and assembly language
- OS.family
- Unix
- OS.source_model
- Historically proprietary software, while some Unix projects (including BSD family and Illumos) are open-source and historical Unix source code is archived.
- OS.released
Article
12 sectionsContents
- Overview
- History
- Standards
- Components
- Impact
- Free Unix and Unix-like variants
- ARPANET
- Branding
- See also
- References
- Further reading
- External links
Unix (, ; trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multi-user computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, the development of which started in 1969 at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others. Initially intended for use inside the Bell System, AT&T licensed Unix to outside parties in the late 1970s, leading to a variety of both academic and commercial Unix variants from vendors including University of California, Berkeley (BSD), Microsoft (Xenix), Sun Microsystems (SunOS/Solaris), HP/HPE (HP-UX), and IBM (AIX).
The early versions of Unix, which are retrospectively referred to as "Research Unix", ran on computers such as the PDP-11 and VAX; Unix was commonly used on minicomputers and mainframes from the 1970s onwards. It distinguished itself from its predecessors as the first portable operating system: almost the entire operating system is written in the C programming language (in 1973), which allows Unix to operate on numerous platforms. Unix systems are characterized by a modular design that is sometimes called the "Unix philosophy". According to this philosophy, the operating system should provide a set of simple tools, each of which performs a limited, well-defined function. A unified and inode-based filesystem and an inter-process communication mechanism known as "pipes" serve as the main means of communication, and a shell scripting and command language (the Unix shell) is used to combine the tools to perform complex workflows.