File:Redshift.svg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons
Also known as red shift
thumb|upright|Spectral line|Absorption lines in the [[visible spectrum of a supercluster of distant galaxies (right), as compared to absorption lines in the visible spectrum of the Sun (left). Arrows indicate redshift. Wavelength increases up towards the red and beyond (frequency decreases).]]
Redshift is the stretching of light waves from distant galaxies, causing their light to shift toward the red end of the spectrum—a shift that scientists can measure by comparing spectral lines to those of nearby objects like the Sun. This phenomenon matters because it helps astronomers determine how far away galaxies are and provides evidence about the expansion of the universe.
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Article · 中文
在物理學领域,紅移(Redshift)是指電磁輻射由於某种原因導致波长增加、頻率降低的现象,在可見光波段,表现为光谱的谱线朝紅端移動了一段距离。相反的,電磁輻射的波長变短、频率升高的现象则被稱為藍移。紅移最初是在人们熟悉的可见光波段发现的,随着对电磁波谱各个波段的了解逐步加深,任何电磁辐射的波長增加都可以称为紅移。对於波长较短的γ射線、X-射線和紫外線等波段,波长变长确实是波谱向红光移动,“红移”的命名并无问题;而对於波长较长的紅外線、微波和無線電波等波段,尽管波长增加實際上是遠離红光波段,这种现象还是被称为“红移”。 當光源移動遠離觀測者时,观测者观察到的电磁波谱會發生紅移,这类似于聲波因为都卜勒效應造成的頻率變化。這樣的紅移现象在日常生活中有很多應用,例如都卜勒雷達、雷達槍,在天體光譜學裏,人们使用都卜勒紅移測量天體的物理行為。 另一種紅移稱為宇宙學紅移,其機制為。這機制說明了在遙遠的星系、類星體,星系間的氣體雲的光谱中觀察到的红移现象,其紅移增加的比例與距離成正比。這種關係为宇宙膨脹的观点提供了有力的支持,比如大霹靂宇宙模型。 另一種形式的紅移是引力紅移,其為一種相對論性效應,當電磁輻射傳播遠離引力場時會觀測到這種效應;反過來說,當電磁輻射傳播接近引力場時會觀測到引力藍移,其波長變短、频率升高。 红移的大小由“红移值”衡量,红移值用Z表示,定义为: 这裡是谱线原先的波长,是观测到的波长,是谱线原先的频率,是观测到的频率。
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