Russian Desman
Sign in to savespecies of mammal of genus Desmana in the family Talpidae
Species
Russian Desman
species
Observations8
二名法 Desmana moschata(Linnaeus, 1758) Russian desman range 俄羅斯麝鼴（學名：Desmana moschata；俄语：выхухоль vykhukhol'）是 俄羅斯麝鼴屬（學名：Desmana）的唯一物種，屬於鼴科的半水生（英语：List of semiaquatic tetrapods#Mammals）哺乳綱動物。鼴科舊屬食蟲目，現時屬於真獸下綱勞亞獸總目的鼩鼱目。 本物種棲息於俄羅斯、烏克蘭及哈薩克斯坦的伏爾加河、頓河及烏拉爾河的盆地。牠們會在緩慢流動的小溪和池塘的岸邊挖洞穴，但偏好在擠逼的小池塘，因為有豐富的昆蟲、螯蝦和兩棲動物以供食用。牠們一般以兩到五隻動物的小組居住，之間有一套複雜（但未為生物家研究）的溝通系統及原始社會系統（英语：Sociality#Presociality）。 與俄羅斯麝鼴屬同樣屬於俄羅斯麝鼴族的動物尚有鼬鼴屬的比利牛斯鼬鼴，兩者皆為單系群[3]。儘管麝鼴的外貌跟麝鼠很相似，但麝鼠其實是靈長總目齧齒目的物種，跟屬於勞亞獸總目鼩鼱目的麝鼴相去甚遠。 Desmana moschata 由於其毛皮過往被用來製作皮革製品，本物種過往經常被大量獵殺。即使現時根據俄國法律被列為受保護物種，但其棲息地早已因為開發農地、水污染、非法網漁及外來物種的引入等各種原因而被大量破壞，令其數目持續下跌。 根據1970年代中期的估算，當時野外還有七萬隻，但到了2004年已減半至35,000隻[4]。 參考文獻 ^ Hutterer, R. Order Soricomorpha. (编) Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference 3rd. Johns Hopkins University Press. 2005: 303. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494. ^ Desmana moschata. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2008 [2012-09-12]. Listed as Vulnerable A2bc+4bc. ^ Morelle, Rebecca. Pyrenean desman: On the trail of Europe's weirdest beast. BBC News. 2012-09-04 （英语）. ^ Russians rally for water mammal. BBC News. 2006-06-09 （英语）.
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Article
The Russian desman (Desmana moschata; Russian: выхухоль vykhukhol') is a small semiaquatic mammal that inhabits the Volga, Don and Ural River basins in Russia. Some authorities, citing old Soviet sources, claim the animal can be found in Eastern Ukraine and Northern Kazakhstan, but, as of 2020, the accuracy of such claims is disputed. It constructs burrows into the banks of ponds and slow-moving streams, but prefers small, overgrown ponds with abundance of insects, crayfish and amphibians. The Russian desman often lives in small groups of two to five animals, that are usually not related, and appears to have a complex (but largely unstudied) communication and social system.
Taxonomy
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Categories
Animal taxa named by Carl LinnaeusEndangered animalsEndangered biota of AsiaEndangered biota of EuropeFauna of UkraineIUCN Red List critically endangered speciesMammals described in 1758Mammals of AsiaMammals of Central AsiaMammals of EuropeMammals of RussiaScience and technology articles needing translation from Russian Wikipedia