Sambhaji

Also known as Sambhaji Bhosale, Sambhaji I, Shambhu, Sambhaji Maharaj, Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj

Sambhaji (Sambhajiraje Shivajiraje Bhonsle, ; 14 May 1657 – 11 March 1689), also known as Shambhuraje, ruled from 1681 to 1689 as the second king (Chhatrapati) of the Maratha Empire, a prominent state in early modern India. He was the eldest son of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire.

Person · Open Library

Died: 1689
Works: 3

Top works

Budhabhūshaṇa
Budhabhūshaṇa
Budhabhūṣaṇam

via Open Library + Wikidata

Listeners · Last.fm

Listeners: 2
Total plays: 6

via Last.fm · Sambhaji

Recent publications · Crossref

5 total works indexed

In-situ reconstructed Ru atom array on α-MnO2 with enhanced performance for acidic water oxidation
· 2021 · cited 1,186x
Unveiling dual-linkage 3D hexaiminobenzene metal–organic frameworks towards long-lasting advanced reversible Zn–air batteries
· 2019 · cited 387x
Scalable 3-D Carbon Nitride Sponge as an Efficient Metal-Free Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst for Rechargeable Zn–Air Batteries
· 2016 · cited 383x
MXene/Polymer Hybrid Materials for Flexible AC-Filtering Electrochemical Capacitors
· 2019 · cited 345x
Ampere-hour-scale zinc–air pouch cells
· 2021 · cited 302x

via Crossref · CC0

Quotes

“In South India when the Maratha King Sambhaji and his minister Kavikalash were taken prisoner, "that very night his (Sambhaji's) eyes were blinded and the next day the tongue of Kavikalash was cut out. After a fortnight's torture their limbs were hacked one by one and their flesh thrown to the dogs"”
“He (Sambhaji) was ordered by the Emperor to embrace Islam. He refused and was made to run the gauntlet of the whole Imperial army. Tattered and bleeding he was brought before the Emperor and repeated his refusal. His tongue was torn and again the question was put. He called for writing material and wrote 'Not even if the emperor bribed me with his daughter!' So then he was put to death by torture.”

via Wikiquote · CC BY-SA

Key facts

Royalty.name: Sambhaji
Royalty.image: Sambhaji painting late 17th century.png
Royalty.caption: Portrait of Sambhaji, late 17th century.
Royalty.succession: Chhatrapati of the Marathas
Royalty.reign: 16 January 1681 – 11 March 1689
Royalty.coronation: 20 July 1680, Panhala (symbolic)16 January 1681, Raigad fort (official)
Royalty.predecessor: Shivaji I
Royalty.successor: Rajaram I
Royalty.birth_place: Purandar Fort, Ahmadnagar Subah, Mughal Empire
Royalty.death_place: Tulapur, Ahmadnagar Subah, Mughal Empire
Royalty.death_cause: Execution by decapitation
Royalty.spouse: Yesubai
Royalty.issue: Bhavani Bai Shahu I
Royalty.father: Shivaji I
Royalty.mother: Saibai
Royalty.religion: Hinduism
Royalty.reg type1: Peshwa
Royalty.royal house: Bhonsale

via Wikipedia infobox

~28 min read

Encyclopedic overview

28 sections

Contents

Early life
Marriage
Arrest and defection to the Mughals
Ancestry
Accession
Military expeditions and conflicts
Attack on Burhanpur
Mughal Empire
Siege of Ramsej (1682)
Mughal invasions of Konkan (1684)
Siddis of Janjira
Portuguese and English
Mysore
Maratha Deshmukhs
Capture, torture and execution
Succession
Governance
Measures against drought
Agriculture
Religious policy
Education and writings
Legacy
Historiography
Biographies
In fiction
See also
References
External links

At the age of nine, Sambhaji was taken as a political hostage of the Mughal Empire, to guarantee his father's compliance with the treaty of Purandar. He later accompanied his father to Agra where both were placed under house arrest by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb; they subsequently escaped. He was later confined by his father at Panhala Fort, with some theories suggesting that it was due to his addiction to "sensual pleasures" or for violating a Brahmin woman. He subsequently defected to the Mughal Empire and served under Diler Khan in the Battle of Bhupalgarh against his father. He ascended the throne following his father's death, with his rule being largely shaped by the ongoing wars between the Marathas and the Mughal Empire, as well as other neighbouring powers such as the Siddi of Janjira, the Wadiyars of Mysore and the Portuguese Empire in Goa.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “Sambhaji” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.