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thumb|upright=1.2|Determining which animals can experience sensations is challenging, but scientists generally agree that vertebrates, as well as many [[invertebrate species, are likely sentient.]] Sentience is the ability to experience feelings and sensations. It may not necessarily imply higher cognitive functions such as awareness, reasoning, or complex thought processes. Some theorists define sentience exclusively as the capacity for valenced (positive or negative) mental experiences, such as pain and pleasure.