The Siberian tiger is a subspecies of tiger found in eastern Russia and northeastern China. It matters because it is one of the world's rarest and most endangered big cats, making conservation efforts critical for its survival.
AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.
本条目需要补充更多来源。(2016年4月17日) 请协助添加多方面可靠来源以改善这篇条目,无法查证的内容可能會因為异议提出而移除。 东北虎(學名:Panthera tigris altaica),又称西伯利亞虎或阿穆爾虎[1],曾旧稱“滿洲虎”、“烏蘇裡虎”、“阿爾泰虎”等,朝鲜半岛称朝鲜虎。被认为是体型最大的老虎亞種,分佈於俄羅斯東南部、朝鮮(主要為兩江道的三池淵郡及大紅湍郡之長白山一帶)、和中國東北等地,是中國國家一級保護動物。 2008年,东北虎被美國網站《生活科學》評為「全球十大最瀕危稀有動物」物種之一。 目录 1 特徵 2 習性 2.1 捕食 2.2 領地 2.3 與其它獵食動物 3 生命週期 4 圖集 5 研究與保護 6 備註 7 參考文獻 特徵 毛色黃,條紋顏色局部比其他亞種淺,皮膚厚實,現代東北虎比孟加拉虎還要大,野生成年東北雄虎體重一般能達206公斤左右、體長約為3.0公尺(包括尾長)。而較早期紀錄,東北虎體重可達300公斤(660磅)[2],體長為3.5公尺(包括尾長),成年东北虎尾長1公尺左右,可以跳8公尺遠,而且可以很輕易地跳過3公尺高的障礙物。 80年代紀錄,野生西伯利亞虎的典型體重範圍為雄性180-306公斤(397-675磅),雌性為100-167公斤(220-368磅)。[3] 習性 捕食 东北虎主要在夜間活動,白天在岩洞或草叢中休息。主要以鹿、野豬、麝、狍子、斑羚、青鼬等動物為食,偶爾捕食蛇類和魚類,也吃松子、胡桃、榛子、覆盆子等野果。食物缺乏的时候,也会捕杀猪、羊、牛等家禽家畜,甚至可能袭击人类。 領地 除了交配、育子的虎之外,每隻虎都有自己的很大一片單獨活動的區域,這也是东北虎的密度非常低的原因之一。其在冬天可以移動數百至上千公里。 與其它獵食動物 在有蹄類動物減少時东北虎會嘗試捕食黑熊和棕熊,事實上這兩者構成了东北虎5%-8%的食物來源。儘管东北虎會捕食熊類,但在自衛或者食物爭奪過程中也有過少數棕熊擊敗甚至殺死虎的案例。更有甚者有的棕熊會尾隨东北虎來奪取自己平時不能殺死的獵物。 东北虎對於狼的數量有很強的抑製作用,在與狼共生的地方兩者的獵物種類高度一致,造成生存資源的不相容以至於东北虎常常搶奪狼的獵物壓縮其生存空間。 在东北虎的地盤上狼的數量稀少並且很少能組成大型狼群。东北虎會在某些情況下殺死狼,雖然一般不認為虎會把它們看成獵物。 當領地里中型或大型獵物密度降低時東北虎會驅趕東北豹並搶走它們的獵物。在夏天獵物充足的情況下這兩種大貓的矛盾較為緩和,而到食物短缺的冬天雙方獵物種類會有更多的重疊。在共生的區域里東北豹會到山崖峭壁上棲息以避開平原上的东北虎。 生命週期 東北虎四歲左右性成熟。一年之內任何時間都可能交配。孕期為103至105天,一胎可生2至4只,兩三年生產一次,出生的同胞幼虎中的雌雄數量相同,雖然成年以後雄性死亡
via IUCN
The Siberian tiger or Amur tiger is a population of the tiger subspecies Panthera tigris tigris native to Northeast China, the Russian Far East, and possibly North Korea. It once ranged throughout the Korean Peninsula, but was eradicated in the area during the period of Japanese rule between 1910 and 1945, and currently inhabits mainly the Sikhote-Alin mountain region in the south-west of Primorsky Krai in the Russian Far East. In 2005, there were 331–393 adult and subadult Siberian tigers in this region, with a breeding adult population of about 250 individuals. The population had been stable for more than a decade because of intensive conservation efforts, but partial surveys conducted after 2005 indicate that the Russian tiger population was declining. An initial census held in 2015 indicated that the Siberian tiger population had increased to 480–540 individuals in the Russian Far East, including 100 cubs. This was followed up by a more detailed census which revealed there was a total population of 562 wild Siberian tigers in Russia. As of 2014, about 35 individuals were estimated to range in the international border area between Russia and China. As of 2022, about 756 Siberian tigers including 200 cubs were estimated to inhabit the Russian Far East.
The Siberian tiger is genetically close to the now-extinct Caspian tiger. Results of a phylogeographic study comparing mitochondrial DNA from Caspian tigers and living tiger populations indicate that the common ancestor of the Siberian and Caspian tigers colonized Central Asia from eastern China, via the Gansu−Silk Road corridor, and then subsequently traversed Siberia eastward to establish the Siberian tiger population in the Russian Far East. The Caspian and Siberian tiger populations were the northernmost in mainland Asia.
via Wikidata · CC0
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