special relativity
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Special relativity is Einstein's 1905 theory that describes how measurements of space and time work differently depending on the observer's frame of reference, particularly for objects moving at constant speeds. It matters because it fundamentally changed how we understand the basic nature of space, time, and motion in the universe.
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Albert Einstein around 1905, the year his paper on special relativity was published
In physics, the special theory of relativity, or simply special relativity, is a scientific theory of the relationship between space and time. In Albert Einstein's 1905 paper, "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", the theory is presented as being based on just two postulates: