サブスタンティビスム

Substantivism is an economic position that helps to explain the social relations embedded within the economy. It was first proposed by Karl Polanyi, who argues that the term "economics" has two meanings. The formal meaning, used by today's neoclassical economists, refers to economics as the logic of rational action and decision-making, as rational choice between the alternative uses of limited (scarce) means, as "economizing", "maximizing", or "optimizing".