symphysiotomy

Symphysiotomy is a surgical procedure in which the cartilage of the pubic symphysis is divided to widen the pelvis allowing childbirth when the baby has difficulty fitting through the pelvis (obstructed labour). It is also known as pelviotomy and synchondrotomy. It has largely been supplanted by C-sections, with the exception of certain rare obstetric emergencies or in resource poor settings. It is different from pubiotomy, where the pelvic bone itself is cut in two places, rather than cutting through the symphysis pubis joint.

==Introduction== Symphysiotomy was advocated in 1597 by Severin Pineau after his description of a diastasis of the pubis on a hanged pregnant woman. Thus symphysiotomies became a routine surgical procedure for women experiencing an obstructed labour. They became less frequent in the late 20th century after the risk of maternal death from caesarean section decreased (due to improvement in techniques, hygiene, and clinical practice).