Terra Mariana

Principality in the Holy Roman Empire

Key facts

Status: Principality of the Holy Roman Empire , (1207–1215, 1526–1561) , Vassal state of the Holy See , (1215–1526)
Capital: Riga , ( de facto ) , Walk , (from 1435)
Common languages: Latin , Low German , Livonian , Estonian , Latvian
Religion: Roman Catholicism
Government: Theocratic elective monarchy
Legislature: Landtag
Historical era: Middle Ages
St george s night uprising: 1343–1344
Confederation agreement: 4 December 1435
Currency: Artig, Denier, Schilling , Thaler

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Article

Today part ofEstonia Latvia

Terra Mariana (Medieval Latin for 'Land of Mary') was the formal name for Medieval Livonia or Old Livonia. It was formed in the aftermath of the Livonian Crusade, and its territories were composed of present-day Estonia and Latvia. It was established on 2 February 1207, as a principality of the Holy Roman Empire, and lost this status in 1215 when Pope Innocent III proclaimed it as directly subject to the Holy See.