Tillandsia
Sign in to saveTillandsia is a genus of around 650 species of evergreen, perennial flowering plants in the family Bromeliaceae, native to the forests, mountains and deserts of the Neotropics, from northern Mexico and the southeastern United States to Mesoamerica and the Caribbean to central Argentina. Their leaves, more or less silvery in color, are covered with specialized cells (trichomes) capable of rapidly absorbing water that gathers on them.
Species
GENUS
- KingdomPlantae
- PhylumTracheophyta
- ClassLiliopsida
- OrderPoales
- FamilyBromeliaceae
Tillandsia schiedeana 空氣鳳梨是鐵蘭屬（學名：Tillandsia）植物的通称，又名氣生鳳梨、空氣草、鐵蘭花。屬於鳳梨科植物，是一般食用菠蘿的近親。分佈於中南美洲、南美洲和北美洲南部。原生種類逾500種，種類之多是鳳梨之冠。近年來不斷出現人工雜交的品種，新的野生品種亦陸續被發現。 空氣鳳梨根部稀疏，外露在空氣之中，僅能作固定植株之用。葉片上長有會吸水的細毛，葉面的鱗片狀組織能夠吸收雨水或吸收空氣中的濕氣，是真正吸收水和養分的器官。它不需要土壤來吸取養份，大多數只要透過空氣得似生存[1]，是世界上唯一完全生於空氣中的植物。[2] 這一亞科的物種是附生植物，以根部依附在樹林或岩石上，有一些物種更可以攀附仙人掌、電線桿甚至半空中電線上。但部分物種因為生長條件特殊，只能生存在單一山谷或山區中。因為它們生長的環境範圍很廣，所以不同物種各有其喜愛的環境。 大部分的物種都能在乾燥的環境中生存，只有小部分佈於潮濕環境。一般來說，葉子較粗硬、顏色銀白的品種，比較能適應乾燥和日照較強的環境；葉子較軟、葉色略淺的品種，則須要濕度高、陽光適中的環境；葉色較綠的品種，只能在濕度高且有遮陰的地方生存。 生长环境 为了适应其特殊的生存环境，空气凤梨和其他景天科植物一样，通过景天酸代谢（CAM circle）作用的碳固定方式——气孔在白天关闭来减少水分过快的流失。晚上气孔开放摄入二氧化碳进行碳的固定并释放氧气。[3] 空气凤梨对温度的要求并不苛刻，通常能适应10℃至32℃的温度变化。但它们对霜冻极为敏感，除了一种名为T. usneoides的空气凤梨能适应夜间低至零下10℃的低温。 在人工养殖的条件下，空气凤梨往往需要额外补充氮、磷、钾。 CITES 其中有四個物種目前屬於瀕臨絕種野生動植物國際貿易公約（CITES）附錄二所列管，雖沒有立即的滅絕危機，但需要管制交易[4]。 Tillandsia harrisii Tillandsia kammii Tillandsia mauryana Tillandsia xerographica 參考來源 ^ 空氣鳳梨栽培、照顧方法教學 ^ 地球上唯一完全生于空气中的植物——空气凤梨 ^ David H. Benzing. Vascular Epiphytes: General Biology and Related Biota. Cambridge University Press. 2008: 53. ISBN 9780521048958. ^ Appendices I, II and III valid from 5 February 2015*. CITES. [23 February 2015]. 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：空氣鳳梨 规范控制 NDL: 00577304 取自“https://zh.wikiped
via GBIF · Kew POWO
Research
235 papers- Endophyte-assisted non-host plant Tillandsia brachycaulos enhance indoor formaldehyde removal.Journal of biotechnology · 2024
- Tillandsia landbeckii phyllosphere and laimosphere as refugia for bacterial life in a hyperarid desert environment.Microbiome · 2023
- Tillandsia-Inspired Hygroscopic Photothermal Organogels for Efficient Atmospheric Water Harvesting.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2020
- Design of a unidirectional water valve in Tillandsia.Nature communications · 2020
- Tillandsia-Inspired Ultra-Efficient Thermo-Responsive Hygroscopic Nanofibers for Solar-Driven Atmospheric Water Harvesting.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025
via PubMed
Article
8 sectionsContents
- Description
- Taxonomy
- Range
- Ecology
- Cultivation
- Gallery
- References
- External links
Tillandsia is a genus of around 650 species of evergreen, perennial flowering plants in the family Bromeliaceae, native to the forests, mountains and deserts of the Neotropics, from northern Mexico and the southeastern United States to Mesoamerica and the Caribbean to central Argentina. Their leaves, more or less silvery in color, are covered with specialized cells (trichomes) capable of rapidly absorbing water that gathers on them.
They are also commonly known as air plants because they obtain nutrients and water from the air, not needing soil for nourishment. They have a natural propensity to cling to whatever surfaces are readily available: telephone wires, tree branches, bark, bare rocks, etc. Their light seeds and a silky parachute facilitate their spread. Most Tillandsia species are epiphytes – which translates to 'upon a plant'. Some are aerophytes, which have a minimal root system and grow on shifting desert soil. Due to their epiphytic way of life, these plants will not grow in soil but live on the branches of trees, in deserts and on other substrates that will not be saturated with water for very long.