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Trika
Sign in to saveTrika was a school of Kaula which flourished in Kashmir between ca. 900 and 1300 CE, and is often used synonymously for the wole of Kashmir Shaivism, an exegetical tradition which developed in Kashmir after 850 CE, as an adaptation to upper-class Hindu norms of 'wild' tantric Kaula traditions. The Kashmir Trika-tradition developed the "Philosophy of Recognition" (pratyabhijñā), a nondual form of Tantric Shaivism.
Article
35 sectionsContents
- Nomenclature
- History
- Growth and flowering (900–1200 CE)
- Decline (1200 CE – 20th century)
- Texts
- Trika- and Pratyabhijna-philosophy
- Influences
- Triads (trika)
- Pratyabhijna - One consciousness Being unfolds as the multiplicity of the world
- ''Ābhāsa-vāda'' and ''Svātantrya-vāda''
- The world
- ''Jivatman''
- Impurity
- ''Moksha''
- Trika-practice
- Prerequisites
- Four ''upayas''
- Recognition of the Centre
- ''Vikalpa-kṣaya'' – dissolution of thought-constructs
- Additional practices
- ''Vyutthana''
- Six ''laksyas''
- Four types of Saiva yoga
- The conquest of the tattvas
- ''Șaḍaṅgayoga'' - the yoga of six ancillaries
- ''Utkrānti'' - transference of consciousness
- Influence
- Relation of ''pratyabhijñā'' to other Indian traditions
- Kashmir Shaivism schools
- Buddhism
- Advaita Vedanta
- Notes
- References
- Sources
- Further reading
Trika was a school of Kaula which flourished in Kashmir between ca. 900 and 1300 CE, and is often used synonymously for the wole of Kashmir Shaivism, an exegetical tradition which developed in Kashmir after 850 CE, as an adaptation to upper-class Hindu norms of 'wild' tantric Kaula traditions. The Kashmir Trika-tradition developed the "Philosophy of Recognition" (pratyabhijñā), a nondual form of Tantric Shaivism.
Defining features of the Trika tradition are the use of several triades in its philosophy, including the three goddesses Parā, Parāparā, and Aparā; and its idealistic and monistic teaching of pratyabhijna ("direct knowledge of one's self," "recognition") philosophical system, propounded by Utpaladeva (c. 925–975 CE) and Abhinavagupta (c. 975–1025 CE). The name of the system is derived from its most famous work, Īśvara-pratyabhijñā-kārikā by Utpaladeva. The central thesis of this philosophy is that we are Śiva, and that we have to "re-cognise" this. Thus, the slave (paśu: the human condition) shakes off the fetters (pāśa) and becomes the master (pati: the divine condition).