Ulaanbaatar
Sign in to saveUlaanbaatar is the capital and most populous city of Mongolia. It has a population of 1.67 million, and is the coldest capital city in the world by average yearly temperature. The municipality is located in north central Mongolia at an elevation of about in a valley on the Tuul River. The city was founded in 1639 as a nomadic Buddhist monastic centre, changing location 29 times, and was permanently settled at its modern location in 1778.
AI overview
Ulaanbaatar is the capital and largest city of Mongolia, home to 1.67 million people and notable for being the world's coldest capital city by average annual temperature. Founded in 1639 as a Buddhist monastic center that moved frequently before settling permanently in 1778, it now serves as the country's political and cultural hub, located in a valley in north central Mongolia.
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Key facts
- Settlement.established_title3
- Named Ulaanbaatar
- Settlement.name
- Ulaanbaatar
- Settlement.native_name
- Улаанбаатар
- Settlement.native_name_lang
- mn
- Settlement.nicknames
- УБ (UB), Нийслэл (capital), Хот (city)
- Settlement.settlement_type
- Capital city
- Settlement.imagesize
- 270px
- Settlement.image_flag
- File:Flag of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.svg
- Settlement.flag_size
- 150px
- Settlement.image_shield
- File:Coat of arms of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.svg
- Settlement.image_map1
- Ulan Bator in Mongolia.svg
- Settlement.map_caption1
- Ulaanbaatar highlighted in Mongolia
Article
46 sectionsContents
- Names and etymology
- History
- Prehistory
- Before 1639
- Mobile monastery
- Urga and the Kyakhta trade
- Independence and Niislel Khüree
- Socialist era
- Contemporary era
- Demolition of historic buildings
- Geography
- Climate
- Cityscape
- Parks
- Demographics
- Religion
- Governance
- Districts
- Municipal symbols
- Economy
- Culture
- Arts
- Monasteries
- Museums
- Education
- Libraries
- University libraries
- Digital libraries
- Special libraries
- Sport
- Infrastructure
- Transport
- Public transport
- Road
- Rail
- Air
- Future proposals
- Energy
- Water
- Pollution
- Twin towns and sister cities
- Notes
- References
- Further reading
- External links
- Video
Ulaanbaatar is the capital and most populous city of Mongolia. It has a population of 1.67 million, and is the coldest capital city in the world by average yearly temperature. The municipality is located in north central Mongolia at an elevation of about in a valley on the Tuul River. The city was founded in 1639 as a nomadic Buddhist monastic centre, changing location 29 times, and was permanently settled at its modern location in 1778.
During its early years, as Örgöö (anglicized as Urga), it became Mongolia's preeminent religious centre and seat of the Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, the spiritual head of the Gelug lineage of Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia. Following the regulation of Qing-Russian trade by the Treaty of Kyakhta in 1727, a caravan route between Beijing and Kyakhta opened up, along which the city was eventually settled. With the collapse of the Qing dynasty in 1911, the city was a focal point for independence efforts, leading to the proclamation of the Bogd Khanate in 1911 led by the 8th Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, or Bogd Khan, and again during the communist revolution of 1921. With the proclamation of the Mongolian People's Republic in 1924, the city was officially renamed Ulaanbaatar and declared the country's capital.