EntityQ1886497· pop 20· linked from 73 articlesvacuum polarizationSign in to savevirtual anti-particle pair production giving self-energy to the electromagnetic fieldConnectionsleptonEntityvirtual particleEntityzbMATH OpenEntityWard–Takahashi identityEntityEuler–Heisenberg LagrangianEntityRussiaCountryWorld War IIConcepthydrogenEntitySiberiaEntitymassEntityelectronEntityInternational Standard Book NumberEntityWerner HeisenbergEntityvacuumEntityPaul DiracEntityphotonEntityquarkEntitydigital object identifierEntityInternational Standard Serial NumberEntityCornell UniversityEntityCategoriesGauge theoriesQuantum electrodynamics