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It reduces unnecessary broadcast traffic, enhances security, and improves network performance, flexibility, and manageability. Traditionally, broadcast domains were separated using Layer 3 devices (routers). Same VLAN: Devices communicate directly within the same broadcast domain. Different VLANs: Communication requires Inter-VLAN Routing via a router or a Layer 3 switch (SVI). VLAN 0 and VLAN 4095: Reserved VLAN IDs are defined by IEEE 802.1Q and used internally for protocol operations and cannot be configured or assigned to ports. VLAN 1 (Default VLAN): The default VLAN on Cisco switches and all switch ports are assigned to VLAN 1 by default. It cannot be deleted and is commonly used for control and management protocols such as STP, CDP, and VTP. VLAN 2 to VLAN 1001 (Normal VLAN Range): This range is used for regular VLAN configuration. VLANs in this range are fully configurable, editable, and delectable, and are stored in the switch’s VLAN database. VLAN 1002 to VLAN 1005: Reserved VLANs for legacy network technologies such as FDDI and Token Ring. These VLANs are predefined and cannot be removed, even if the technologies are no longer in use. VLAN 1006 to VLAN 4094 (Extended VLAN Range): Designed for large-scale networks requiring a high number of VLANs. VLANs in this range are stored in the running configuration and typically require the switch to operate in VTP transparent mode. Here, port Fa0/0 is assigned to VLAN 2 and port Fa0/1 is assigned to VLAN 3. Since these VLANs are separate broadcast domains, devices in different VLANs require inter-VLAN routing to communicate with each other. A network administrator wants to logically separate two departments on the same physical switch without using a router. Which technology should be used?