volcano
thumb|upright=1.35|Augustine Volcano (Alaska) during its eruptive phase on January 24, 2006
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A volcano is an opening in the Earth's surface through which molten rock, ash, and gases are expelled during an eruption. Volcanoes matter because their eruptions can significantly impact the surrounding landscape, atmosphere, and human populations living nearby.
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Article
43 sectionsContents
- Etymology and terminology
- Plate tectonics
- Divergent plate boundaries
- Convergent plate boundaries
- Hotspots
- Continental rifting
- Volcanic features
- Fissure vents
- Shield volcanoes
- Lava domes
- Cryptodomes
- Cinder cones
- Stratovolcanoes (composite volcanoes)
- Supervolcanoes
- Caldera volcanoes
- Submarine volcanoes
- Subglacial volcanoes
- Hydrothermal features
- Mud volcanoes
- Fumarole
- Geysers
- Erupted material
- Volcanic gases
- Lava flows
- Tephra
- Dissection
- Volcanic eruptions
- Erupting
- Active
- Dormant and reactivated{{anchor|Dormant}}
- Extinct
- Volcanic-alert level
- Decade volcanoes
- Volcanoes and humans
- Hazards
- Benefits
- Safety considerations
- Volcanoes on other celestial bodies
- History of volcano understanding
- See also
- References
- Further reading
- External links
thumb|upright=1.35|Augustine Volcano (Alaska) during its eruptive phase on January 24, 2006
A volcano is a vent or fissure in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.