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'''''' () are Ainu sagas that form a long rich tradition of oral literature. In older periods, the epics were performed by both men and women; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, when Ainu culture was in decline, women were generally the most skillful performers. Traditional tales describe floating worlds with , or the land of the humans (as opposed to , the land of the gods), resting on the back of a fish whose movements cause earthquakes.

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ユカㇻ
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Article

9 sections
Contents
  • Translation history
  • Common themes in {{transliteration|ain|yukar}} narratives
  • Trade
  • Parents' death
  • "The Story of a Wolf God Who Saved Pon Otasutunkur and His Son"
  • Depiction of animals and nature
  • See also
  • References
  • External links

'''''' () are Ainu sagas that form a long rich tradition of oral literature. In older periods, the epics were performed by both men and women; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, when Ainu culture was in decline, women were generally the most skillful performers. Traditional tales describe floating worlds with , or the land of the humans (as opposed to , the land of the gods), resting on the back of a fish whose movements cause earthquakes.

== Translation history == Professor Kyōsuke Kindaichi collected and translated them into Japanese.

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