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Zenobia

File:Antoninianus_of_Zenobia_(obverse).png · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons

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Zenobia

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Also known as Septimia Zenobia, Julia Aurelia Zenobia, Julia Augusta, Zenobia Augusta, Queen Zenobia, Iulia Aurelia Zenobia, Septima Zenobia

Septimia Zenobia (; ) was a third-century queen of the Palmyrene Empire in Syria. Many legends surround her ancestry; she was probably not a commoner. She married Odaenathus, who became king of the city of Palmyra in 260, elevating it to supreme power in the Near East by defeating the Sasanian Empire of Persia and stabilizing the Roman East. After Odaenathus' assassination in 267, Zenobia became the regent of her son Vaballathus and held de facto power throughout his reign (267 to 272).

OverviewAI-generated

Zenobia was a female ruler and empress regnant of the Palmyrene Empire and Ancient Rome. Born in Palmyra in 240, she held the noble title of Augusta. Her birth name was בת זבי, and she was also known as Septimia Zenobia. She was the spouse of Odaenathus and the mother of Vaballathus, Hairan II, and Septimius Antiochus. A relative of Hairan I, she belonged to the Septimia gens.

Zenobia died in Tivoli on January 1, 275. She is depicted in the work *De mulieribus claris* and has been described in sources including the *Encyclopædia Britannica* 11th edition and the *Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron*.

Synthesized by Vinony from 34 facts across 6 sources: Wikidata, Open Library, Last.fm, Crossref, MusicBrainz, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Person · Open Library

Works
24

Top works

  • Loving His Alien Gaze
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via Open Library + Wikidata

Music · MusicBrainz

Type
Group
Origin
Spain
Active from
2002

Discography

Official siteDiscogs

via MusicBrainz · CC0

Listeners · Last.fm

Listeners
15,936
Total plays
274,779

Tags

Power metalheavy metalmetalspanishSpanish Metal

There are at least 5 musical artists who go by the name "Zenobia". 1. Palestinian Electro Dabke 2. Spanish metal band 3. Danish folk band 4. Canadian singer and musician: electronic soul/pop/dance/techno music 5. Singer & songwriter 1. Electro Dabke act based out of Haifa 2. Zenobia es un grupo de heavy metal de La Rioja (España), que surge en 2002. El grupo comenzó formado por Jorge Berceo (voz y guitarra), Ángel Pascual (guitarra), Jorge Algarabide (bajo), Cristian Ordóñez (teclado) y Asie

via Last.fm · Zenobia

Recent publications · Crossref

5 total works indexed

  1. DNA methylation-based measures of biological age: meta-analysis predicting time to death

    · 2016 · cited 963x

  2. Human occupation of northern Australia by 65,000 years ago

    · 2017 · cited 807x

  3. Measuring biological aging in humans: A quest

    · 2019 · cited 721x

  4. Early human use of marine resources and pigment in South Africa during the Middle Pleistocene

    · 2007 · cited 711x

  5. Emergence of Modern Human Behavior: Middle Stone Age Engravings from South Africa

    · 2002 · cited 607x

via Crossref · CC0

Key facts

Royalty.name
Zenobia
Royalty.title
Augusta
Royalty.image
Antoninianus of Zenobia (obverse).png
Royalty.caption
Zenobia as empress on the obverse of an antoninianus (272 AD)
Royalty.succession
Empress of Palmyra
Royalty.reign
272 AD
Royalty.regent
Vaballathus
Royalty.reg type
Co-monarch
Royalty.succession1
Queen of Egypt
Royalty.reign1
270–272
Royalty.succession2
Queen mother (regent) of Palmyra
Royalty.reign2
267–272
Royalty.reign type2
Regency
Royalty.predecessor2
Vaballathus
Royalty.pre type2
Monarch
Royalty.succession3
Queen consort of Palmyra
Royalty.reign3
260–267
Royalty.reign type3
Tenure

via Wikipedia infobox

~60 min read

Encyclopedic overview

35 sections
Contents
  • Name, appearance and sources
  • Origin, family and early life
  • Contemporary epigraphical evidence
  • <span class="anchor" id="In ancient sources"></span> Ancient sources
  • Arab traditions and al-Zabba'
  • Queen of Palmyra
  • Consort
  • Possible role in Odaenathus' assassination
  • Regent
  • Consolidation of power
  • Early reign
  • Expansion
  • Syria and the invasion of Arabia Petraea
  • Annexation of Egypt and the campaigns in Asia Minor
  • Governance
  • Culture
  • Religion
  • Judaism
  • Administration
  • Agreement with Rome
  • Empress and open rebellion
  • Downfall
  • Captivity and fate
  • Titles
  • Descendants
  • Evaluation and legacy
  • <span class="anchor" id="Myths, romanticism and popular culture"></span> Myth, romanticism and popular culture
  • <span class="anchor" id="Cultural depictions of Zenobia: selected works"></span> Selected cultural depictions
  • See also
  • Notes
  • References
  • Citations
  • General and cited sources
  • Further reading
  • External links

Septimia Zenobia (; ) was a third-century queen of the Palmyrene Empire in Syria. Many legends surround her ancestry; she was probably not a commoner. She married Odaenathus, who became king of the city of Palmyra in 260, elevating it to supreme power in the Near East by defeating the Sasanian Empire of Persia and stabilizing the Roman East. After Odaenathus' assassination in 267, Zenobia became the regent of her son Vaballathus and held de facto power throughout his reign (267 to 272).

In 270, Zenobia launched an invasion that brought most of the Roman East under her sway and culminated with the annexation of Egypt. By mid-271 her realm extended from Ancyra, central Anatolia, to Upper Egypt, although she remained nominally subordinate to Rome. However, in reaction to the campaign of the Roman emperor Aurelian in 272, Zenobia declared her son emperor and assumed the title of empress, thus declaring Palmyra's independence from Rome. The Romans were victorious after heavy fighting; the empress was besieged in her capital and captured in late 272 by Aurelian, who exiled her to Rome, where she spent the remainder of her life.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “Zenobia” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.

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