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Zinaida Gippius

Russian poet, playwright, editor, short story writer and religious thinker (1869-1945)

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Zinaida Gippius (1869-1945) was a Russian poet, playwright, editor, and short story writer who also engaged with religious and philosophical ideas through her work. She matters as a significant literary and cultural figure of her era, contributing across multiple genres during a transformative period in Russian history.

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Zinaida Nikolayevna Gippius (Russian: Зинаида Николаевна Гиппиус, IPA: [zʲɪnɐˈidə nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvnə ˈɡʲipʲɪus] ; 20 November [O.S. 8 November] 1869 – 9 September 1945) was a Russian poet, playwright, novelist, editor and religious thinker. She is considered one of the major figures in Russian symbolism.

She began writing at an early age, and by the time she met Dmitry Merezhkovsky in 1888 was already a published poet. The two married in 1889. Gippius published her first book of poetry, Collection of Poems. 1889–1903, in 1903, and her second collection, Collection of Poems. Book 2. 1903–1909, in 1910. After the 1905 Revolution, the couple became critics of the tsarist government; they spent several years abroad during this time, including trips for treatment of health issues. They denounced Russia's 1917 October Revolution, seeing it as a cultural disaster, and in 1919 emigrated to Poland.