19th-century pseudonymous writers

founding leader of the Soviet Union (1870–1924)

American author and humorist (1835–1910)

Charles John Huffam Dickens was an English writer and journalist. He created some of literature's best-known fictional characters, and is regarded by many as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era. His works enjoyed unprecedented popularity during his lifetime and, by the 20th century, critics and scholars had recognised him as a literary genius. His novels and short stories are widely read today.

Edgar Allan Poe was an American writer, poet, editor, and literary critic who is best known for his poetry and short stories, particularly his tales involving mystery and the macabre. He is widely regarded as one of the central figures of Romanticism and Gothic fiction in the United States and of early American literature. Poe was one of the country's first successful practitioners of the short story, and is generally considered to be one of the pioneers of the detective fiction genre. In addition, he is credited with contributing significantly to the emergence of science fiction. He is the first well-known American writer to earn a living exclusively through writing, which resulted in a financially difficult life and career.

Russian and Soviet writer (1868–1936)

French novelist and playwright (1799–1850)

French writer (1844–1924)

British author and scholar (1832–1898)

Scottish novelist and poet (1850-1894)

American poet, essayist and journalist (1819–1892)

English novelist, essayist, poet and journalist (1819–1880)

Marie-Henri Beyle (; 23 January 1783 – 23 March 1842), better known by his pen name Stendhal (, , ), was a French writer. Best known for the novels Le Rouge et le Noir (The Red and the Black, 1830) and La Chartreuse de Parme (The Charterhouse of Parma, 1839), he is highly regarded for the acute analysis of his characters' psychology and considered one of the early and foremost practitioners of realism. A self-proclaimed egotist, the neologism for the same characteristic in his characters was "Beylism".

French novelist and memoirist (1804–1876)

British novelist and poet (1816-1855)

Emily Jane Brontë was an English writer best known for her 1847 novel Wuthering Heights. She also co-authored a book of poetry with her sisters Charlotte and Anne entitled Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell.

Georg Philipp Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenberg (2 May 1772 – 25 March 1801), better known by his pen name Novalis (; ), was a German aristocrat and polymath, who was a poet, novelist, philosopher and mystic. He is regarded as an influential figure of Jena Romanticism.

American novelist (1832–1888)

American writer, historian and diplomat (1783-1859)

British novelist and poet (1820-1849)

French poet (1880–1918)

British novelist (1811–1863)

American short story writer (1862–1910)

French writer, archaeologist and historian (1803–1870)

German philosopher (1806-1856)

Italian writer (1826–1890)

Dhanpat Rai Srivastava (31 July 1880 – 8 October 1936), better known as Munshi Premchand based on his pen name Premchand (), was an Indian writer famous for his modern Hindustani literature.

English occultist (1875–1947)

American author of children's books (1856–1919)

French writer, poet, essayist and translator (1808–1855)

Japanese novelist

American journalist

Jewish writer and playwright of Yiddish, who worked in Russian Empire, Switzerland, Germany and the United States (1859-1916)

Eduard Douwes Dekker (2 March 182019 February 1887), better known by his pen name Multatuli (from Latin multa tulī, "I have suffered much"), was a Dutch writer best known for his satirical novel Max Havelaar (1860), which denounced the abuses of colonialism in the Dutch East Indies (today's Indonesia). He is considered one of the Netherlands' greatest authors.

Russian writer (1831–1895)

Polish writer and activist (1842-1910)

Uruguayan born French poet, Isidore Ducasse (1846-1870)

Japanese tanka poet (1878–1942)

Polish writer (1864-1925)

Japanese novelist and army physician (1862-1922)

Hilda Doolittle (September 10, 1886 – September 27, 1961) was an American modernist poet, novelist, and memoirist who wrote under the name H.D. throughout her life. Her career began in 1911 after she moved to London and co-founded the avant-garde Imagist group of poets with American expatriate poet and critic Ezra Pound. During this early period, her minimalist free verse poems depicting Classical motifs drew international attention. Eventually distancing herself from the Imagist movement, she experimented with a wider variety of forms, including fiction, memoir, and verse drama. Reflecti

German author (1812–1882)

Russian writer (1863–1927)

South African author and pacifist (1855-1920)

English writer

Franco-German romantic author and historian (1805-1876)

Swiss novelist (1797–1854)

Polish novelist, prose writer, publicist, feuilletonist, theatre critic, stage actress (1857–1921)

Romanian writer and political figure (1880–1967)

Spanish women novelist (1796-1877)

British Zionist author (1864–1926)

American abolitionist, author and women's rights activist (1802-1880)

Tajik writer (1878-1954)

Hebrew essayist and thinker (1856–1927)

British writer (1855-1924)

Italian writer and feminist, editor (1876-1960)

Irish writer

Russian writer, poet and soldier (1797–1837)

Maria Louise Ramé (1 January 1839 – 25 January 1908), going by the name Marie Louise de la Ramée and known by the pseudonym Ouida ( ), was an English novelist. Ouida wrote more than 40 novels, as well as short stories, children's books and essays. Moderately successful, she lived a life of luxury, entertaining many of the literary figures of the day.

French poet (1807–1841)

English novelist (1805-1882)