Max Stirner
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Max Stirner was a 19th-century German philosopher best known for developing an extreme form of individualism that prioritizes the individual's own interests above all else, including society and morality. His radical ideas about self-interest and personal freedom have influenced various political movements and continue to spark debates about the balance between individual liberty and social responsibility.
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Johann Caspar Schmidt (25 October 1806 – 26 June 1856), known by the pen name Max Stirner (/ˈstɜːrnər/; German: [ˈʃtɪʁnɐ]), was a German philosopher, dealing mainly with the Hegelian notion of social alienation and self-consciousness. Stirner is often seen as one of the forerunners of nihilism, existentialism, psychoanalytic theory, postmodernism, individualist anarchism, and egoism.
Born in 1806 in Bayreuth, Bavaria, Stirner's life and work are known largely through a biography by John Henry Mackay. Following the death of his father, he was raised in West Prussia after his mother's remarriage. Stirner studied at the University of Berlin, where he attended Hegel's lectures. He then moved into teaching and became involved with the Young Hegelians in Berlin. Although he struggled to secure a permanent academic post, Stirner became a fixture in intellectual circles and wrote his most famous work, The Ego and Its Own (1844), while supporting himself as a teacher.