Abbreviations

thumb|upright=1.5|Example of 15th-century Latin manuscript text with [[scribal abbreviations]]

thumb|NASA is an acronym that expands to National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

thumb|A residential gateway|gateway is commonly used to make an ADSL connection Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) is a type of digital subscriber line (DSL) technology, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional voiceband modem can provide. ADSL differs from the less common symmetric digital subscriber line (SDSL). In ADSL, bandwidth and bit rate are said to be asymmetric, meaning greater toward the customer premises (downstream) than the reverse (upstream). Providers usually market ADSL as an Internet access s

thumb|Supermarket aisle sign in Calgary, Canada, in 2025, showing apocope of -ed in etymological canned meat and canned vegetables but not in Mexican

thumb|A list of citations, the majority Ibid citations Ibid. or ib. is an abbreviation for the Latin word ibīdem, meaning , commonly used in an endnote, footnote, bibliography citation, or scholarly reference to refer to the source cited in the preceding note or list item. This is similar to idem, literally meaning , abbreviated id., which is commonly used in legal citation.

shortened version of a word, syllable or word group

TL;DR or tl;dr, short for "'''too long; didn't read'''", is internet slang often used to introduce a summary of an online post or news article. It is also used as an informal interjection commenting that a block of text has been ignored due to its length.

the abbreviation of several frequently occurring divine names or titles, especially in Greek manuscripts of Holy Scripture

thumb|right|alt=Illustration of a woman in a gingham dress standing in front of a large Christmas wreath|A 1922 advertisement in ''Ladies' Home Journal for Biberman Bros.: "Give her a for Xmas" Xmas (also X-mas) is a common abbreviation of the word Christmas. It is sometimes pronounced , but Xmas, and variants such as Xtemass'', originated as handwriting abbreviations for the typical pronunciation . The 'X' comes from the Greek letter , which is the first letter of the Greek word (), which became Christ in English. The suffix -mas is from the Latin-derived Old English word for Mass.

type of abbreviation

abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in Latin, and later in Greek, Old Norse and other European languages

The abbreviation cf. (for Latin or , both meaning 'compare') is generally used in writing to refer the reader to other material to make a comparison with the topic being discussed. Different style guides offer differing advice.

A numeronym is a word, usually an abbreviation, composed partially or wholly of numerals. The term can be used to describe several different number-based constructs, but it most commonly refers to a contraction in which all letters between the first and last of a word are replaced with the number of omitted letters (for example, "i18n" for "internationalization"). According to Anne H. Soukhanov, editor of the Microsoft Encarta College Dictionary, it originally referred to phonewords words spelled by the letters of keys of a telephone pad.

abbreviation in musical notation

footnote or endnote term

unofficial Cold War-era abbreviation for the Federal Republic of Germany

The abbreviation viz. (or viz without a full stop) is short for the Latin , which itself is a contraction of the Latin phrase videre licet, meaning "it is permitted to see". It is used as a synonym for "namely", "that is to say", "to wit", "which is", or "as follows". It is typically used to introduce examples or further details to illustrate a point: for example, "all types of data viz. text, audio, video, pictures, graphics, can be transmitted through networking".

idem is a Latin term meaning "the same". It is commonly abbreviated as id., which is particularly used in legal citations to denote the previously cited source (compare ibid.). It is also used in academic citations to replace the name of a repeated author.

Taxonomic term indicating that available data suggests that the proposed species has an affinity to, but is not identical to, the species with the binomial name it comes after

Wikimedia disambiguation page

is a Japanese term for an online avatar depicting an anime-style female character used by content creators who are often (but not always) male. The term is an abbreviation of or .

thumb|Official Logo Bundesverband GEDOK The GEDOK, founded in 1926 as the "Gemeinschaft deutscher und oesterreichischer Künstlerinnen und Kunstfreundinnen" (Community of German and Austrian Women Artists and Art Friends), is the oldest and largest European network for female artists of all artistic genres."