Ibid.
Sign in to savethumb|A list of citations, the majority Ibid citations Ibid. or ib. is an abbreviation for the Latin word ibīdem, meaning , commonly used in an endnote, footnote, bibliography citation, or scholarly reference to refer to the source cited in the preceding note or list item. This is similar to idem, literally meaning , abbreviated id., which is commonly used in legal citation.
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thumb|A list of citations, the majority Ibid citations Ibid. or ib. is an abbreviation for the Latin word ibīdem, meaning , commonly used in an endnote, footnote, bibliography citation, or scholarly reference to refer to the source cited in the preceding note or list item. This is similar to idem, literally meaning , abbreviated id., which is commonly used in legal citation.
Ibid. may also be used in the Chicago (name-date) system for in-text references where there has been a close previous citation from the same source material. The previous reference should be immediately visible, e.g. within the same paragraph or page.