Botanical nomenclature

Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist (1707–1778)

A species () is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. It can be defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour, or ecological niche. In addition, palaeontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species

Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.

taxonomic rank in biology

taxonomic rank

Wikispecies is a wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aim is to create a comprehensive open content catalog of all species; the project is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public. Jimmy Wales stated that editors are not required to fax in their degrees, but that submissions will have to pass muster with a technical audience. Wikispecies is available under the GNU Free Documentation License and CC BY-SA 4.0.

frame|right|Simplified schematic of an island's flora all its plant species, highlighted in boxes Flora (: floras or florae) is all the plant life present in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring (indigenous) native plants. The corresponding term for animals is fauna, and for fungi, it is funga. Sometimes bacteria and fungi are also referred to as flora as in the terms gut flora or skin flora for purposes of specificity.

thumb|270px|African elephants form the [[genus Loxodonta, a widely accepted taxon.]]

In biological classification, subspecies (: subspecies) is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics (morphology), but that can successfully interbreed. Not all species have subspecies, but for those that do there must be at least two. Subspecies is abbreviated as subsp. or ssp. and the singular and plural forms are the same ("the subspecies is" or "the subspecies are").

taxonomic rank between family and genus

offspring of cross-species reproduction

one of two or more names that apply to the same taxon

in biology, level in a taxonomic hierarchy

taxonomic rank

In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, positioned below family and above genera. It is used to classify groups of related genera within a family, helping organize the diversity of life more precisely.

term used in zoological nomenclature (also non-officially in 'botanical' nomenclature)

Code of Nomenclature

database of plant names

thumb|A hoverfly of the subgenus [[Eristalis (Eoseristalis)]] In biology, a subgenus ( subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus.

anchoring point (of a name) in taxonomy

book by Carl Linnæus

taxonomic rank in botanical classification, equivalent to phylum in zoology

Wikimedia list article

database of scientific plant names

thumb|Holotype with red type label affixed thumb|Holotype of Marocaster coronatus, [[MHNT]] thumb|Live holotype of Eupolybothrus cavernicolus thumb|thumbtime=2:54|Video of the capture of the holotype for the jellyfish species Santjordia pagesi, as recorded by a [[remotely operated underwater vehicle.]]

online flora for plants

refers to citing the person (or group of people) who validly published a botanical name

term used in nomenclature (not a name)

term in zoological nomenclature (also non-officially in 'botanical' nomenclature)

one of the secondary taxonomic ranks, below that of variety, in botanical nomenclature

online database of the world's plants

taxonomic rank in botany

types of plant form as defined by Christen Raunkiær

scientific name for a plant, alga or fungus

A cultigen (), or cultivated plant, is a plant that has been deliberately altered or selected by humans, by means of genetic modification, graft-chimaeras, plant breeding, or wild or cultivated plant selection. These plants have commercial value in horticulture, agriculture and forestry. Plants meeting this definition remain cultigens whether they are naturalised, deliberately planted in the wild, or grown in cultivation.

rank-based taxonomy, sometimes (wrongly) ascribed to Linnaeus

In the scientific naming of organisms, a basionym or basyonym is the original name on which a new name is based; the author citation of the new name should include the authors of the basionym in parentheses. The term "basionym" is used in both botany and zoology. In zoology, alternate terms such as original combination or protonym are sometimes used instead. Bacteriology uses a similar term, basonym, spelled without an i.

project in Kew Gardens

nomenclature code

grouping used for cultivated plants (capital initial letter mandatory)

thumb|230px|Paratype of Lepidothrix vilasboasi (Sick, 1959) in [[Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin]] thumb|230px|Paratype of Cadurcotherium nouleti – MHNT

scientific naming of algae, fungi and plants

organization

conserved name (a protected scientific name)

Sensu is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular concept, but it also appears in expressions that indicate the convention or context of the usage.

name of a taxon, at a rank lower than species

book by Carl Linnaeus

taxonomic rank

later scientific name that uses the same epithet

taxonomic rank in botany

register of botanical names of seed plants

thumb|250px|right| The small tree +Laburnocytisus 'Adamii'|+Laburnocytisus 'Adamii' is a spectacular example of a graft-chimaera In horticulture, a graft-chimaera may arise in grafting at the point of contact between rootstock and scion and will have properties intermediate between those of its "parents". Unlike graft hybrids, a graft-chimaera is not a true hybrid but a mixture of cells, each with the genotype of one of its "parents": it is a chimaera. Hence, the once widely used term "graft-hybrid" is no longer regarded as suitable for a graft-chimaera.

In a social context, a subtribe is a secondary division of a broader ethnic grouping or tribe, functioning as a distinct unit defined by specific kinship ties, geographic territory, or linguistic dialects. For example, the Kipsigis are a major sub-tribe that falls under the broader Kalenjin ethnic group of East Africa.

scientific name that is identical in spelling to a name with a different type

book by Carolus Linnaeus

term used in nomenclature (ICNafp)

phrase used when publishing the name of a new species

nomenclature of hybrid species

thumb|Close-up profile view of a Nylanderia pygmaea syntype male preserved in [[Baltic amber at the Natural History Museum, Vienna]] In biological nomenclature, a syntype is any one of two or more biological types that is listed in a description of a taxon where no holotype was designated. Precise definitions of this and related terms for types have been established as part of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants.

the one scientific name to be used (from a particular scientific point of view)