Chemical processes

industrial process

process used to extract and purify nickel

cooling system that uses solar power

thumb|300px|Schematic drawing of a fluidized bed reactor

chemical process

industrial process for electrolysis of sodium chloride

demonstration of metallic salts crystallization

thumb|Anodized titanium Electrometallurgy is a method in metallurgy that uses electrical energy to produce metals by electrolysis. It is usually the last stage in metal production and is therefore preceded by pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical operations. The electrolysis can be done on a molten metal oxide (smelt electrolysis) which is used for example to produce aluminium from aluminium oxide via the Hall-Hérault process. Electrolysis can be used as a final refining stage in pyrometallurgical metal production (electrorefining) and it is also used for reduction of a metal from an aqueous

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thumb|Electrorefining technology converting spent commercial nuclear fuel into metal.

an aqueous ammonia SCR process overview

right|thumb|Bubbles of carbon dioxide float to the surface of a Soft drink#Carbonated drinks|carbonated soft drink.

thumb|Electropolishing principle: 1. Electrolyte 2. Cathode 3. Workpiece to polish (Anode) 4. Particle moving from the work-piece to the cathode 5. Surface before polishing 6. Surface after polishing

method to produce nitrogen fertilizers

term used in materials science to describe the base material on which processing is conducted

Polymerization technique

removal of impurities from gases by scrubbing them in aqueous solutions of various alkylamines

chemical process of molecules settling out of solution

technology used to burn solid fuels

industrial process designed to clean raw natural gas by separating impurities and various non-methane hydrocarbons and fluids to produce what is known as pipeline quality dry natural gas

industrial process to extract pure cellulose from wood pulp

Method of separating isotopes of uranium

In organic chemistry, umpolung () or polarity inversion is the chemical modification of a functional group with the aim of the reversal of polarity of that group. This modification allows secondary reactions of this functional group that would otherwise not be possible. The concept was introduced by D. Seebach (hence the German word for reversed polarity) and E.J. Corey. Polarity analysis during retrosynthetic analysis tells a chemist when umpolung tactics are required to synthesize a target molecule.

electrochemical method for the preparation of metallic magnesium

Phosphorolysis is the cleavage of a compound in which inorganic phosphate is the attacking group. It is analogous to hydrolysis.

extraction or expulsion of a liquid from a gel

Trituration (Latin, grinding) is the name of several different methods used to process materials. In one sense, it is a form of comminution (reducing the particle size of a substance). In another sense, it is the production of a homogeneous powdered material by mixing and grinding component materials thoroughly. For example, a dental amalgam is formed by combining particles of a metal, usually gold or silver, with mercury.

manufacturing process of synthetic gemstones

Method of electrolysis of alkali chloride solutions

method to prepare organofluorine compounds using electrolysis

chemical process

branch of engineering dealing with the technological applications of electrochemical phenomena

Silylation is the introduction of one or more (usually) substituted silyl groups (R3Si) to a molecule. Silylations are core methods for production of organosilicon chemistry. Silanization, while similar to silylation, usually refers to attachment of silyl groups to solids. Silyl groups are commonly used for: alcohol protection, enolate trapping, gas chromatography, electron-impact mass spectrometry (EI-MS), and coordinating with metal complexes.

Aka cyanamide process: nitrogen fixation reaction of calcium carbide with nitrogen gas

In chemistry, coprecipitation (CPT) or co-precipitation is the carrying down by a precipitate of substances normally soluble under the conditions employed. Analogously, in medicine, coprecipitation (referred to as immunoprecipitation) is specifically "an assay designed to purify a single antigen from a complex mixture using a specific antibody attached to a beaded support".

process for the production of hydrogen peroxide

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method of producing carbon black and hydrogen gas from hydrocarbons

thumb|An individual ceramic aludel pot An aludel ( from Greek , 'smoky, sooty, burnt-colored') is a subliming pot used in alchemy. The term refers to a range of earthen tubes, or pots without bottoms, fitted one over another, and diminishing as they advance towards the top. The lowest is adapted to a pot, placed in a furnace, wherein the matter to be sublimed is placed. At the top is a head to retain the flowers, or condensation, which ascends. An aludel was used as a condenser in the sublimation process and thus came to signify the end-stages of transformation and the symbol of creation. Also

Sherardising or Zinc thermal diffusion is a process of galvanization of ferrous metal surfaces, also called vapour galvanising and dry galvanizing. The process is named after British metallurgist Sherard Osborn Cowper-Coles (son of naval inventor Cowper Phipps Coles) who invented and patented the method c. 1900. This process involves heating the steel parts up to 500 °C in a closed rotating drum that contains metallic zinc dust and possibly an inert filler, such as sand. At temperatures above 300 °C, zinc evaporates and diffuses into the steel substrate forming diffusion bonded Zn-Fe-phases.

chemical process

method used to separate titanium from its ores

industrial chemical process for producing HCl and alkali sulfates

Telomerization is a reaction that produces a particular kind of oligomer with two distinct end groups. The oligomer is called a telomer. Some telomerizations proceed by radical pathways, many do not. A generic equation is: where M is the monomer, and A and B are the end groups, and n is the degree of polymerization.

Methanation is the conversion of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide (COx) to methane (CH4) through hydrogenation. The methanation reactions of COx were first discovered by Sabatier and Senderens in 1902.

chemical process

Charring is a chemical process of incomplete combustion of certain solids when subjected to high heat. Heat distillation removes water vapour and volatile organic compounds (syngas) from the matrix. The residual black carbon material is char, as distinguished from the lighter colored ash. By the action of heat, charring removes hydrogen and oxygen from the solid, so that the remaining char is composed primarily of carbon. Most solid organic compounds, like wood or biological tissue, and thermoset polymers exhibit charring behaviour. In non-scientific terms, charring means partially burning so

partial alignment of polymer molecular chains, resulting in "semi-crystalline" structures

Bioconversion, also known as biotransformation, is the conversion of organic materials, such as plant or animal waste, into usable products or energy sources by biological processes or agents, such as certain microorganisms. One example is the industrial production of cortisone, which one step is the bioconversion of progesterone to 11-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone by Rhizopus nigricans. Another example is the bioconversion of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol, which is part of scientific research for many decades.

wastewater removal of impurities from boilers

process used for the preparation of hydroxylamine

measure against the degradation of books made of acidic paper

Overview of history and methods to produce NH₃

chemical process for the production of α-olefins

series of systems and technologies

chemical process in paper making

process to synthesize graphite and silicon carbide

preparation of chlorine