Concepts in ancient Greek ethics

thumb|Illustration for John Milton's [[Paradise Lost by Gustave Doré (1866). The spiritual descent of Lucifer into Satan is one of the most famous examples of hubris.]]

thumb|299x299px|Bust of Epicurus. Achieving is an important goal in Epicurean philosophy. In Ancient Greek philosophy, '''''' (, from indicating negation or absence and with the abstract noun suffix ), generally translated as , , , or , is a lucid state of robust equanimity characterized by ongoing freedom from distress and worry. In non-philosophical usage, was the ideal mental state for soldiers entering battle. Achieving is a common goal for Pyrrhonism, Epicureanism, and Stoicism, but the role and value of within each philosophy varies in accordance with their philosophical theories. The me

Pathos is a Greek term referring to appeal to the emotions and ideals of the audience, eliciting feelings that already reside in them. Pathos is most often used in rhetoric, in which it is considered one of the three modes of persuasion, alongside ethos and logos. It is also used as in literature, film and other narrative art.

perfect moderation

thumb|Two Minoan Genius performing a libation over an altar In ancient Greek religion, daimon (), also spelled daemon, often referred to lesser deities, but could more broadly signify "the experience of divine power". The term's etymology is unclear, though it is often thought to originate from (, ). The Iliad describes the gods congregated atop Olympus as daimones; the term is employed by a Homeric character when they are unaware which deity is the agent of an event. In Hesiod's Works and Days it describes the souls of people from the Golden Age, who acted as guardians (, ), leading to its de

thumb|A sculpture representing Ethos outside the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly in Canberra, Australia Ethos is a Greek word meaning "character" that is used to describe the guiding beliefs or ideals that characterize a community, nation, or ideology; and the balance between caution and passion. The Greeks also used this word to refer to the power of music to influence emotions, behaviors, and even morals. Early Greek stories of Orpheus exhibit this idea in a compelling way. The word's use in rhetoric is closely based on the Greek terminology used by Aristotle in his concept

Eudaimonia (also spelled eudaemonia; ; ) is a Greek word literally translating to the state or condition of good spirit, and which is commonly translated as happiness or welfare.

Adiaphoron (; plural: adiaphora; from the Greek (pl. ), meaning 'not different or differentiable') is the negation of diaphora, 'difference'.

In ancient Greek philosophy, '''''' () refers to the type of wisdom or intelligence concerned with practical action. It implies good judgment and excellence of character and habits. In Aristotelian ethics, the concept is distinguished from other words for wisdom and intellectual virtues (such as and ) because of its practical character.

personification of wisdom in Hellenistic philosophy

In Stoic philosophy, apatheia (; ) refers to a state of mind in which one is not disturbed by the passions. It might better be translated by the word equanimity than the word indifference. The meaning of the word apatheia is quite different from that of the modern English apathy, which has a distinctly negative connotation that includes feelings of inertness, indifference, and impassiveness. According to the Stoics, apatheia was the quality that characterized the sage.

In Hellenistic philosophy, epoché (also epoche; pronounced or ) is suspension of judgment but also "withholding of assent".

'''''' () is a concept in ancient Greek thought that refers to "excellence" of any kind—especially a person or thing's "full realization of potential or inherent function." The term may also refer to excellence in "moral virtue."

Greek ideal of beauty and goodness

Hedone () is the Greek word meaning "pleasure". It was an important concept in Ancient Greek philosophy, especially in the Epicurean school. It is also the root of the English word "hedonism".

thumb|right|Temperantia (1872), by Edward Burne-Jones Sophrosyne () is an ancient Greek concept of an ideal of excellence of character and soundness of mind, which when combined in one well-balanced individual leads to other qualities, such as temperance, moderation, prudence, purity, decorum, and self-control. An adjectival form is "sophron".

superlative concept in the philosophy of Plato

Henosis () is the classical Greek word for mystical "oneness", "union" or "unity". In Neoplatonism, henosis refers to the unification with what is fundamental in reality: the One (Τὸ Ἕν), the Source, or Monad. The Neoplatonic concept has precedents in the Greek mystery religions as well as parallels in Eastern philosophy. It is further developed in the Corpus Hermeticum, in Christian theology, Islamic Mysticism, soteriology and mysticism. Henosis is also an important factor in the historical development of monotheism during Late Antiquity.

Prohairesis or proairesis (; variously translated as "moral character", "will", "volition", "choice", "intention", or "moral choice") is a fundamental concept in the Stoic philosophy of Epictetus. It represents the choice involved in giving or withholding assent to impressions (phantasiai). The use of this Greek word was first introduced into philosophy by Aristotle in the Nicomachean Ethics. To Epictetus, it is the faculty that distinguishes human beings from all other creatures. The concept of prohairesis plays a cardinal role in the Discourses and in the Manual: the terms "prohairesis", "pr

utterance designed to instruct or persuade

Kathēkon () (plural: kathēkonta ) is a Greek concept, forged by the founder of Stoicism, Zeno of Citium. It may be translated as "appropriate behaviour", "befitting actions", or "convenient action for nature", or also "proper function". Kathekon was translated in Latin by Cicero as officium, and by Seneca as convenentia. Kathēkonta are contrasted, in Stoic ethics, with katorthōma (κατόρθωμα; plural: katorthōmata), roughly "perfect action"

'''''' comes from the Greek for "wittiness" () and refers to pleasantness in conversation, with ease and a good sense of humor. It is one of Aristotle's virtues, being the "golden mean" between boorishness () and buffoonery ().

In Stoic ethics, oikeiôsis (, ) is a technical term variously translated as "appropriation," "orientation," "familiarization," "affinity," "affiliation," and "endearment." Oikeiôsis signifies the perception of something as one's own, as belonging to oneself. The theory of oikeiôsis can be traced back to the work of the first Stoic philosopher, Zeno of Citium.

Eusebeia (Greek: from "pious" from eu meaning "well", and sebas meaning "reverence", itself formed from seb- meaning sacred awe and reverence especially in actions) is a Greek word abundantly used in Greek philosophy as well as in Greek translations of texts of Indian religions and the Greek New Testament, meaning to perform the actions appropriate to the gods. The root seb- () is connected to danger and flight, and thus the sense of reverence originally described fear of the gods.

ancient Greek philosophical concept

' (also spelled '; ) is a Greek noun that has the literal translation of "love of honor". However, is difficult to translate as it describes a complex array of virtues.