Equilibrium chemistry

upright=1|thumb|right|Test tubes containing solutions of pH 1–10 colored with Universal indicator|an indicator

chemical compound

Hemoglobin (haemoglobin, Hb or Hgb) is a protein containing iron that facilitates the transportation of oxygen in red blood cells. Almost all vertebrates contain hemoglobin, with the sole exception of the fish family Channichthyidae. Hemoglobin in the blood carries oxygen from the respiratory organs (lungs or gills) to the other tissues of the body, where it releases the oxygen to enable aerobic respiration which powers an animal's metabolism. A healthy human has 12to 20grams of hemoglobin in every 100mL of blood. Hemoglobin is a metalloprotein, a chromoprotein, and a globulin.

thumb|upright=1.7|Generic hydrolysis reaction. (The 2-way yield symbol indicates a chemical equilibrium in which hydrolysis and condensation are reversible.) Hydrolysis (; ) is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds. The term is used broadly for substitution and elimination reactions in which water is the nucleophile.

state in which both reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time.There are no net changes in the concentrations of the reactant(s) and product(s). Such a state is known as dynamic equilibrium

artificial nitrogen fixation process which is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia nowadays

chemical reaction

aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base, which resists (to a limited degree) pH change when a strong acid or base is added

chart used to show conditions at which physical phases of a substance occur

state of thermodynamic system(s) where no net macroscopic flow of matter or energy occurs

precisely specified macroscopic region of the universe, defined by boundaries

hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature

principle to predict effects of a change in conditions on a chemical equilibrium

equilibrium constant as a measure of acid strength in solution

general process in which molecules (or ionic compounds such as salts, or complexes) separate or split into smaller particles such as atoms, ions or radicals, usually in a reversible manner

law of thermodynamics

linked sequence of thermodynamic processes that involve transfer of heat and work into and out of the system,while varying pressure, temperature, and other state variables within the system, and that eventually returns the system to its initial state

a gas law that states that the amount of dissolved gas is proportional to its partial pressure in the gas phase

energetic development of a thermodynamic system proceeding from an initial state to a final state

halochromic chemical compound added in small amounts to a solution so the pH of the solution can be determined visually

chemical theory defining acids and bases by transfer of protons (hydrons)

chemical reaction where the reactants form products, which react together to give the reactants back

Chelation () is a type of bonding and sequestration of metal atoms. It involves two or more separate dative covalent bonds between a ligand and a single metal atom, thereby forming a ring structure. The ligand is called a chelant, chelator, chelating agent, or sequestering agent. It is usually an organic compound, but this is not a requirement.

scientific law

thermodynamic equilibrium between a solid and a saturated solution of the same compound

chemical property

chemical property

equation used to estimate the pH of a weak acid or base solution

autoprotolysis or exchange of a proton between two water molecules

homeostatic regulation of the pH of the body's extracellular fluid (ECF)

general principle in thermodynamics regarding pVT systems in equilibrium

quantification of the electrical interactions between ions in solution

statein which a reversible reaction ceases to change its ratio of reactants/products and substances move between the chemicals at an equal rate

ration of concentrations in a mixture at equilibrium

Relation between temperature and the equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction

type of molecular autoionization in which a hydron is transferred

An oxyanion, or oxoanion, is an ion with the generic formula (where 'A' represents a chemical element and 'O' represents an oxygen atom). Oxyanions are formed by a large majority of the chemical elements. The corresponding oxyacid of an oxyanion is the compound . The structures of condensed oxyanions can be rationalized in terms of AO polyhedral units with sharing of corners or edges between polyhedra. The oxyanions (specifically, phosphate and polyphosphate esters) adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are important in biology.

value accounting for thermodynamic non-ideality of mixtures

ratio of vapor concentration to liquid concentration at equilibrium

supramolecular structures held together other than by covalent bonds

medical condition

separation of a desired substance from other substances in the sample

thumb|Carbon dioxide molecule. '''pCO2, pCO2', or P_\ce{CO2} is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2), often used in reference to blood but also used in meteorology, climate science, oceanography, and limnology to describe the fractional pressure of CO2 as a function of its concentration in gas or dissolved phases. The units of p''CO2 are mmHg, atm, torr, Pa, or any other standard unit of atmospheric pressure.

function of the activities or concentrations of the chemical species involved in a chemical reaction

phenomenon in reactions with electrolytes

Model describing the departures from ideality in solutions of electrolytes and plasmas

organic acid containing one or more amino groups and multiple carboxyl groups

concept in biochemistry

constants in chemistry

chemical property

generalisation describing the distribution of a solute between two non miscible solvents.

Mass balance consistency check for a chemical reaction

Series in chemistry

subdiscipline of chemistry concerned with chemical equilibrium

glass sculpture sometimes used as a collector's item to measure love