Executed monarchs

the 14th and last Emperor of Russia (1894–1917)

King of France and Navarre from 1774 to 1791, then King of the French from 1791 to 1792 (1754-1793)

Mary, Queen of Scots, also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, was Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced abdication on 24 July 1567.

Charles I was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649.

Queen of England and Ireland in July 1553

thumb|The Kingdom of Saul, according to the biblical account thumb|300px|David and Saul, by Julius Kronberg, 1885 thumb|upright=1.13|David Plays the Harp for Saul, by Rembrandt|Rembrandt van Rijn, c. 1650 thumb|upright=1.3|Saul threatening David, by José Leonardo, c. 1640s Saul (; , ; ; , ) was a monarch of ancient Israel and Judah and, according to the Hebrew Bible and Old Testament, the first king of the United Monarchy, a polity of uncertain historicity. His reign, traditionally placed in the late eleventh century BC, marked the transition of the Israelites from a scattered tribal society r

16th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1618–1622)

Grand Duke of Berg and Cleves, The king of Naples (1767-1815)

Atawallpa (), also Atahualpa or Ataw Wallpa (, ) ( 150229 August 1533), whose regnal name was Caccha Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui Inca (from the caccha idol and to honour the emperor Pachacuti), was the last effective Inca emperor, reigning from April 1532 until his capture and execution in July of the following year, as part of the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire.

Vercingetorix (; ; ; – 46 BC) was a Gallic nobleman and chieftain of the Arverni who united the Gauls in a failed revolt against Rome during the Gallic Wars (58–50 BC).

Byzantine Emperor (539-602)

emperor of Mexico (1832-1867)

The 24th Sassanid emperor (590–628)

Ptolemy XV Caesar (; , ; 47 BC – late August 30 BC), nicknamed Caesarion (, , "Little Caesar"), was the last pharaoh of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, reigning with his mother Cleopatra VII from 44 BC to 30 BC. He nominally reigned as sole pharaoh for a few days after his mother's death, although Alexandria had already fallen and Caesarion remained in hiding until his execution by Octavian, who would become the first Roman emperor as "Augustus".

Phocas (; ; 5475 October 610) was Eastern Roman emperor from 602 to 610. Initially a middle-ranking officer in the Roman army, Phocas rose to prominence as a spokesman for dissatisfied soldiers in their disputes with the court of the Emperor Maurice. When the army rebelled in 602, Phocas emerged as the leader of the mutiny. The revolt led to the overthrow and execution of Maurice in November 602.

Byzantine emperor (1118–1185)

first constitutional emperor of Mexico (1783-1824)

Byzantine emperor from 698 to 705

Jehoiakim (also sometimes spelled Jehoikim;  – 598 BC) was the eighteenth and third-from-last King of Judah from 609 to 598 BC. He was the second son of King Josiah () and Zebidah, the daughter of Pedaiah of Rumah. His birth name was Eliakim.

Leontius (; died 15 February 706) was Byzantine emperor under the regnal name Leo from 695 to 698. Little is known of his early life, other than that he was born in Isauria in Asia Minor. He was given the title of patrikios, and made strategos of the Anatolic Theme under Emperor Constantine IV. He led forces against the Umayyads during the early years of Justinian II's reign, securing victory and forcing the Umayyad caliph, Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, to sue for peace.

Byzantine Emperor

Byzantine emperor

King of Iraq from 4 April 1939 until 1958

king of Macedonia

Last Umayyad Caliph (691-750) (r. 744-750)

Jugurtha or Jugurthen ( c. 160 – 104 BC) was a king of Numidia, the ancient kingdom of the Numidians in northwest Africa. When the Numidian king Micipsa, who had adopted Jugurtha, died in 118 BC, Micipsa's two sons, Hiempsal and Adherbal, along with Jugurtha, were in line for succession. Jugurtha arranged to have Hiempsal killed in 117 BC and, after a civil war, defeated and killed Adherbal in 112 BC.

Cuauhtémoc (, ), also known as Cuauhtemotzín, Guatimozín, or Guatémoc, was the Aztec ruler (tlatoani) of Tenochtitlan from 1520 to 1521, and the last Aztec Emperor. The name Cuauhtemōc means "one who has descended like an eagle", commonly rendered in English as "Descending Eagle", evoking a raptor diving toward its prey.

Bessus or Bessos (; ), also known by his throne name Artaxerxes V ( ; ; died summer 329 BC), was a Persian satrap of the eastern Achaemenid satrapy of Bactria, as well as the self-proclaimed King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire from 330 to 329 BC.

Latin Emperor of Constantinople (1172 - c.1205)

King of Hungary (born: c. 990 death: 1044)

Sogdianus ( or ; ) was briefly a ruler of the Achaemenid Empire for a period in 424–423 BC. His short rule—lasting not much more than six months—and the little recognition of his kingdom are known primarily from the writings of Ctesias; who is known to be unreliable. He was reportedly an illegitimate son of Artaxerxes I by his concubine Alogyne of Babylon.

Conrad III (25 March 1252 – 29 October 1268), called the Younger or the Boy, but usually known by the diminutive Conradin (, ), was the last direct heir of the House of Hohenstaufen. He was Duke of Swabia (1254–1268) and nominal King of Jerusalem (1254–1268) and Sicily (1254–1258). After his attempt to reclaim the Kingdom of Sicily for the Hohenstaufen dynasty failed, he was captured and beheaded.

'''Abu Ahmad Abdallah ibn al-Mustansir bi'llah (), better known by his regnal title Al-Mustaʿṣim bi-llāh''' (; 1213 – 20 February 1258), was the 37th and last caliph from the Abbasid dynasty ruling from Baghdad. He held the title from 1242 until his death in 1258.

Amyrtaeus of Sais ( , a Hellenization of the original Egyptian name Amenirdisu) is the only pharaoh of the Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt and is thought to be related to the royal family of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty (664–525 BC). He ended the first Persian occupation of Egypt (i.e. the Twenty-seventh Dynasty: 525–404 BC) and reigned from 404 BC to 399 BC. Amyrtaeus' successful insurrection inaugurated Egypt's last significant phase of independence under native sovereigns, which lasted for about 60 years until the Persians conquered the country again.

12th century Indian king

4th and last Inca Emperor of the Kingdom of Vilcabamba

The 17th Sassanid Emperor (457–459)

emperor of the Sui Dynasty

king of Judea

Parthian king from to 57 to 54 BC

queen of Egypt and Syria

king of Armenia

last Emperor of Trebizond

King of Macedonia (c.365 BC-335 BC)

Zumbi ( – November 20, 1695), also known as Zumbi dos Palmares (), was a Brazilian quilombola leader and one of the pioneers of resistance to enslavement of Africans by the Portuguese in colonial Brazil. He was also the last of the kings of the Quilombo dos Palmares, a settlement of Afro-Brazilian people who liberated themselves from enslavement in the present-day state of Alagoas, Brazil. He is revered in Afro-Brazilian culture as a symbol of African freedom.

Reaver of Afghan Nation (1929)

Bulgarian tsar

Rhadamistus (died 58) was a royal prince of the Pharnavazid dynasty of the Iberia who reigned over the Kingdom of Armenia from 51 to 53 and 54 to 55. He was considered a usurper and tyrant, who was overthrown in a rebellion supported by the Parthian Empire.

4th-century BC king of Cappadocia

Bulgarian tsar

Visigothic king

Emperor of Trebizond

Sambhaji (Sambhajiraje Shivajiraje Bhonsle, ; 14 May 1657 – 11 March 1689), also known as Shambhuraje, ruled from 1681 to 1689 as the second king (Chhatrapati) of the Maratha Empire, a prominent state in early modern India. He was the eldest son of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire.

The seventh and last Khan of Zand Dynasty (1789–1794)

King of Bosnia

thumb|upright=1.35|Giorgio Vasari, Defeat of Radagaiso below Fiesole, 1563–1565 Radagaisus (died 23 August 406) was a Gothic king who led an invasion of Roman Italy in late 405 and the first half of 406. A committed pagan, he was executed after being defeated by the general Stilicho.

4th-century BC pretender to the Macedonian throne

ruler of the Southern Tang Kingdom in ancient China

Prince of Wallachia

The second Afsharid king (1747–1748)