Fertility

Pregnancy is the time during which one or more offspring gestates inside a woman's uterus. A multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring, such as with twins.

Sex, more formally known as sexual intercourse, coitus, or copulation, is an intimate social activity typically involving the insertion of the erect male penis inside the female vagina and followed by thrusting motions for erotic pleasure, biological reproduction, or both. This specific type of sex is also known as vaginal intercourse. However, other forms of penetrative sexual intercourse also exist, including anal sex, oral sex, fingering and penetration by use of a dildo, and vibrators. The desire for these activities is grounded in natural human instinct and they involve physical intimacy between two or more people, usually enacted by humans solely for physical-emotional pleasure, sometimes contributing to human bonding.

system of organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of reproduction

Ejaculation is the discharge of semen (the ejaculate; normally containing sperm) from the penis through the urethra. It is the final stage and natural objective of male sexual stimulation, and an essential component of natural conception. After forming an erection, many men emit pre-ejaculatory fluid during stimulation prior to ejaculating. Ejaculation involves involuntary contractions of the pelvic floor and is normally linked with orgasm. It is a normal part of male human sexual development.

A fetus or foetus (; : fetus, foetus, or fetuses, foetuses) is the unborn offspring of a viviparous animal that develops from an embryo. Following the embryonic stage, the fetal stage of development takes place. Prenatal development is a continuum, with no clear defining feature distinguishing an embryo from a fetus. However, in general a fetus is characterized by the presence of all the major body organs, though they will not yet be fully developed and functional, and some may not yet be situated in their final anatomical location.

Estrogen (American English) or oestrogen (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) is a category of sex hormone responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. There are three major endogenous estrogens that have estrogenic hormonal activity: estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3). Estradiol, an estrane, is the most potent and prevalent. Another estrogen called estetrol (E4) is produced only during pregnancy.

reproduction process that creates a new organism by combining the genetic material of two organisms

Fertility in colloquial terms refers the ability to have offspring. In demographic contexts, fertility refers to the actual production of offspring, rather than the physical capability to reproduce, which is termed fecundity. The fertility rate is the average number of children born during an individual's lifetime. In medicine, fertility refers to the ability to have children, and infertility refers to difficulty in reproducing naturally. In general, infertility or subfertility in humans is defined as not being able to conceive a child after one year (or longer) of unprotected sex. The antithe

assisted reproductive technology procedure (ART)

total number of live births per 1,000 population divided by the length of a given period in years

thumb|250px|Blue-tailed damselfly|Blue-tailed damselflies(Ischnura elegans) mating

Sperm (: sperm or sperms) is the male reproductive cell, or gamete, in anisogamous forms of sexual reproduction (forms in which there is a larger, female reproductive cell and a smaller, male one). Sperm cells contribute approximately half of the nuclear genetic information to the diploid offspring (excluding, in most cases, mitochondrial DNA). Animals produce motile sperm with a tail known as a flagellum, which are known as spermatozoa, while some red algae and fungi produce non-motile sperm cells, known as spermatia. Flowering plants contain non-motile sperm inside pollen, while some more ba

number of children a woman is expected to have barring select circumstances

act of refraining from sexual activity

production of new individuals or offspring in plants

four-stage model of physiological responses to sexual stimulation

stage of pregnancy at which the already fertilized egg adheres to the wall of the uterus

abortion induced non-surgically, through drugs

in homo sapiens, when nuclei of sperm & egg fuse to form a diploid cell, known as a zygote

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period marked by a significant increase of birth rate

diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception

adhesions or fibrosis of endometrium of uterus

period of reproduction during which a female mammal carries one or more live offspring from implantation in the uterus through gestation

Monocarpy refers to a reproductive strategy in plants in which the plant will flower and set seeds only once in its lifetime, and then die. The term is derived from Greek ('', "single" + , "fruit" or "grain"), and was first used by Alphonse de Candolle. Other terms with the same meaning are hapaxanth and semelparous. The antonym is polycarpic, a plant that flowers and sets seeds many times during its lifetime; the antonym of semelparous is iteroparous. Plants which flower en masse (gregariously) before dying are known as plietesials. The term hapaxanth is most often in conjunction with describ

mating pattern in which individuals with similar phenotypes (e.g. size, colour) mate with one another more often

ovarian disease where ovaries do not produce estrogen despite high levels of circulating gonadotropins in women under 40

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process in which an embryo and later fetus develops during gestation of a viviparous animal

Fecundity is a descriptor of productivity that can be defined in multiple ways; including the capability to produce offspring. It may refer to the level of fertility of human, animal, and organic life as measured by the number of gametes (eggs), seed set, or asexual propagules. Additionally, it is the potential for reproduction of a recorded population as opposed to a sole organism.

animal species that successfully mate during certain times of year

religious ritual intended to stimulate reproduction

thumb|Microscopic photo of spores (in red) of Selaginella. The large three spores at the top are megaspores whereas the numerous smaller red spores at the bottom are microspores.

Superfecundation is the fertilization of two or more ova from the same menstrual cycle by sperm from the same or different males, whether through separate acts of intercourse or during a single sexual encounter with multiple males. This can result in twin babies that have different biological fathers.

total fertility rate that (if sustained) leads to each new generation being less populous

inability to father a child

type of ancient Greek craftmanship, so often of pottery

200px|thumb|Historically, masculine attributes such as beard growth have been seen as signs of virility and leadership (for example, in ancient Egypt and [[Greece).]]

human disease

system of sexual reproduction in a population

conservation biology

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average number of daughters per woman

The '''''' () were members of an agrarian visionary tradition in the Friuli district of Northeastern Italy during the 16th and 17th centuries. The claimed to travel out of their bodies while asleep to struggle against malevolent sorcerers (; ) in order to ensure good crops for the season to come. Between 1575 and 1675, in the midst of the Early Modern witch trials, a number of were accused of being heretics or witches under the Roman Inquisition.

thumb | right | alt=churinga | churinga A tjurunga, also spelt churinga and tjuringa, is an object considered to be of religious significance by Central Australian Aboriginal people of the Arrernte (Aranda, Arunta) groups. The word derives from the Arrernte word Tywerenge which means sacred or precious. Tjurunga often had a wide and indeterminate native significance. They may be used variously in sacred ceremonies, as bullroarers, in sacred ground paintings, in ceremonial poles, in ceremonial headgear, in sacred chants and in sacred earth mounds.

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factors influencing the likelihood of a person having children

relationship between getting older and ability to reproduce among females

process for assessing human fertility

older age of a mother at conception and its associated health effects

protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

providing future reproductive opportunities before a medical treatment with known risk of loss of fertility

hormones activity during sexual motivation

hypothesized sex-selection method

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procedure performed prior to in vitro fertilization

Trioecy is a sexual system characterized by the coexistence of males, females, and hermaphrodites. It has been found in both plants and animals. Like androdioecy and gynodioecy, trioecy is a mixed mating systems.