Forestry

An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus Quercus of the beech family. They have spirally arranged leaves, often with lobed edges, and a nut called an acorn, borne within a cup. The genus is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, with some 500 species, both deciduous and evergreen. Fossil oaks date back to the Middle Eocene. Molecular phylogeny shows that the genus is divided into Old World and New World clades, but many oak species hybridise freely, making the genus's history difficult to resolve.

A spruce is a tree of the genus Picea, a genus of some 37 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal (taiga) regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Picea is treated either in the subfamily Pinoideae, or the sole genus in its own subfamily Piceoideae.

Firs are evergreen coniferous trees belonging to the genus Abies () in the family Pinaceae. There are approximately 48–65 extant species, found on mountains throughout much of North and Central America, Eurasia, and North Africa. The genus is most closely related to Keteleeria, a small genus confined to eastern Asia.

Larches are deciduous conifers in the genus Larix, of the family Pinaceae. Growing to as much as tall, they are native to the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They grow in lowland forests in the far north, and high in mountains further south. Larches are among the dominant plants in the boreal forests of Siberia and Canada, making them the most abundant genus of trees on earth. Larch wood is tough and relatively durable; it is used in boatbuilding, cladding, decking, garden furniture, fencing, and construction. Products extracted from larch include arabinogalactan, rosin, turpentine,

thumb |A Timberjack wheeled harvester stacking cut timber in [[Finland]] Forestry is the science and craft of creating, managing, planting, using, conserving and repairing forests and woodlands for associated resources for human and environmental benefits. Forestry is practiced in plantations and natural stands. The science of forestry has elements that belong to the biological, physical, social, political and managerial sciences. Forest management plays an essential role in creating and modifying habitats, and affects ecosystem services provisioning. A practitioner of forestry is a forester.

thumb|upright=1.15|Wood cut from Victorian Eucalyptus regnans thumb|upright=1.15|The harbor of Bellingham, Washington, United States, filled with logs, 1972

thumb|268x268px|Example of practicing shinrin-yoku Shinrin-yoku (Japanese: 森林浴, 森林 (shinrin, "forest") + 浴 (yoku, "bath, bathing.")), also known as forest bathing, is a practice or process of therapeutic relaxation where one spends time in a forest or natural atmosphere, focusing on sensory engagement to connect with nature.

250px|right|thumb|Beech is a popular hardwood

thumb|300px|Girdling in Lille, Northern [[France]]

carefully arranged pile of wood inside which a fire is lit in order to produce charcoal

economic branch

type of biofuel

thumb|Scots pine, a typical and well-known softwood Softwood is wood from gymnosperm trees such as conifers. The term is opposed to hardwood, which is the wood from angiosperm trees. The main differences between hardwoods and softwoods is that the softwoods completely lack vessels (pores). The main softwood species (pines, spruces, larches, false tsugas) also have resin canals (or ducts) in their structure.

thumb|Silvopasture integrates livestock, forage, and trees. (photo: USDA NAC)Silvopasture (silva is forest in Latin) or wood pasture is the practice of integrating trees, forage, and the grazing of domesticated animals in a mutually beneficial way. It utilizes the principles of managed grazing, and it is one of several distinct forms of agroforestry. If done correctly, silvopastures can count as nature-based solutions to climate change.

interactions between deforestation and climate change

commodities obtained from forests other than timber

field of law

Is an evolving branch of forestry whereby the local community

implement used to remove bark from felled timber

elevated walkway

method of applying pesticides

transportation of cut logs or whole trees from stump to landing with some dragging

Pulpwood can be defined as timber that is ground and processed into a fibrous pulp. It is a versatile natural resource commonly used for paper-making but also made into low-grade wood and used for chips, energy, pellets, and engineered products.thumb|239x239px|Harvesting a stand of eucalyptus pulpwood in Australia.

experimental forest of Laval University

thumb|330px|Example of instruments used for conducting forest inventories (rugged laptop, GPS and [[laser rangefinder).]]

Wikimedia list article

process in tree decay

shipbuilding term

thumb|upright=1.2|Amanita species are [[ectomycorrhizal with many trees.]]