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Pinus

Also known as the pine genus, pines

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Pinus is a genus of trees within the family Pinaceae and the order Pinales. It is classified under the class Pinopsida and phylum Tracheophyta. The taxonomic type species is Pinus sylvestris, which also serves as the nomenclatural type for the family. The genus has an authority of L. and is considered an accepted taxon. Its temporal range begins in the Late Triassic.

Common names for Pinus include Pine, Pīntrēoƿ, صنوبر, and Şam ağacı. The genus is a source of pine nut, pine, naval stores, and pine oil. Native ranges include Afghanistan, Alabama, Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Algeria, Altay, Amur, Arizona, Arkansas, Assam, and Austria. Records indicate presence in the United States and Canada, with institutions such as UCMP and the University of Alberta Museums holding specimens.

Pinus is referenced by 5,019 other encyclopedia articles. Descriptions appear in sources such as the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, the Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition, the Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary, and the New International Encyclopedia. It is listed on the Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 focus list.

Synthesized by Vinony from 37 facts across 6 sources: Wikidata, PubMed, Plants of the World, WoRMS, iDigBio, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Species

Genus

PhylumTracheophyta
ClassPinopsida
OrderPinales
FamilyPinaceae

Native toAfghanistan, Alabama, Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Algeria, Altay, Amur, Arizona, Arkansas, Assam, Austria

本条目需要擴充。（2013年8月11日）请協助改善这篇條目，更進一步的信息可能會在討論頁或扩充请求中找到。请在擴充條目後將此模板移除。松属（学名：Pinus）为松柏目松科的一属，是常绿乔木。但有些种却是灌木。松树的木质轻，木纹独特，经常用于家具制作。目录 1 特征 2 分类 3 用途 4 虫害疾病 5 参考特征松树嫩枝上长有针叶。而每条嫩枝上的针叶数（两，三，四或五）是判断该树种的特征之一。中欧的本地松树种：五针松树：北美乔松 (P. strobus) 华山松 (P. armandii) 瑞士五葉松 (P. cembra) 三针松树：刚松 (P. rigida) 两针松树：欧洲黑松 (P. nigra) 欧洲赤松 (P. sylvestris) 欧洲山松 (P. mugo) 班克松 (P. banksiana) 扭叶松 (P. contorta) 分类松属底下分有约115种。（部分）: 華南五針松 (P. fenzeliana) 瑞士五葉松 (P. cembra) 扭叶松 (P. contorta) 大果松 (P. coulteri) 赤松 (P. densiflora) 地中海松 (P. halepensis) 波士尼亚松 (P. heldreichii) 红松 (P. koraiensis) 糖松 (P. lambertiana) 刺果松 (P. longaeva) 琉球松 (P. luchuensis) 台灣五葉松 (P. massoniana) 欧洲山松 (P. mugo) 欧洲黑松，Schwarzföhre (P. nigra) 长葉松 (P. palustris) 日本五針松 (P. parviflora) 矮松的松果马其顿松 (P. peuce) 意大利石松 (P. pinea) 海岸松 (P. pinaster) 西黄松 (P. ponderosa) 辐射松 (P. radiata) 刚松 (P. rigida) 沙滨松 (P. sabiniana) 北美乔松 (P. strobus) 歐洲赤松 (P. sylvestris) 油松 (P. tabuliformis) 台灣二葉松 (P. taiwanensis) 黑松 (P. thunbergii) 矮松 (P. virginiana) 乔松 (P. wallichiana). 白皮松（P. bungeana）馬尾松（P. massoniana）濕地松（P. elliottii）黃山松（P. hwangshanensis）華山松（P. armandii）海南五針松（Pinus fenzeliana）用途几十年来松树被当作快速生长的人工森林树种广为种植，因此它是采伐后林地的代替树种。松树对于采矿特别重要，因为它的木材纤维长，在受压断裂之前会发出声响。通常矿

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Museum specimens

Specimen records: 10,362
With media: 2,973
Family: Pinaceae
Collections: UCMP, UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA MUSEUMS
Recorded in: United States, Canada

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Research

14,213 papers

Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis Carr.).Trends in genetics : TIG · 2022Niu S, Li W, Li YDOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.01.006
Ethnobotany and Pharmacology of Pinus Species Growing Naturally in Indian Himalayas: A Plant Review.ReviewCurrent pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2019Singh L, Dixit P, Srivastava RP et al.DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190819153600
Chemical constituents and biological activities of pinus species.ReviewChemistry & biodiversity · 2013Li B, Shen YH, He YR et al.DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100373
Chemical composition of Pinus sibirica (Pinaceae).ReviewChemistry & biodiversity · 2015Rogachev AD, Salakhutdinov NFDOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300195
Pine (Pinus radiata).Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2006Grant J, Dale T, Cooper PDOI: 10.1385/1-59745-131-2:135
Unraveling Pinus massoniana's Defense Mechanisms Against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Under Aseptic Conditions: A Transcriptomic Analysis.Phytopathology · 2024Zhu J, Lim KJ, Fang T et al.DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0180-R
Pinus radiata cDNA Library for the Screening of Phytophthora Effector Protein Targets in Yeast.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Eccersall S, Meisrimler CNDOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4330-3_12
Benzothiadiazole induces Pinus koraiensis to resist pine wilt disease.Pesticide biochemistry and physiology · 2025Zhang J, Jia H, Ye L et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106522

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Encyclopedic overview

25 sections

Contents

Description
Tree
Bark
Foliage
Cones
Naming
Evolution
Fossil history
External phylogeny
Internal phylogeny
Taxonomy
Distribution
Ecology
Environmental factors
Species interactions
Uses
Timber
Ornamental uses
Food
Other uses
Culture
See also
References
Further reading
External links

A pine is any conifer in the genus Pinus () of the family Pinaceae. Pinus is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae. The species are evergreen trees or shrubs with their leaves in bunches, usually of 2 to 5 needles. The seeds are carried on woody cones, with two seeds to each cone scale.

Pines are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere; they occupy large areas of taiga (boreal forest), but are found in many habitats, including the Mediterranean Basin, and dry tropical forests in southeast Asia and Central America. Some are fire-resistant or fire-dependent.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “Pinus” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.