Picea

Also known as spruce, Spruce

A spruce is a tree of the genus Picea, a genus of some 37 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal (taiga) regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Picea is treated either in the subfamily Pinoideae, or the sole genus in its own subfamily Piceoideae.

OverviewAI-generated

Picea is a genus of trees in the family Pinaceae, classified under the order Pinales and class Pinopsida. The scientific name was established by A.Dietr. Members of this genus are commonly known as spruce. The taxonomic type for the group is Picea abies.

The genus is native to regions including Afghanistan, Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Altay, Amur, Arizona, Austria, the Baltic States, Belarus, British Columbia, and Bulgaria. It is also found in the United States, with records held by institutions such as UCMP.

Research data indicates 4,937 PubMed entries and 1,259,890 GBIF occurrence records associated with the subject. A 2008 study reported a 9,550-year-old Norway spruce in Sweden, identified as the world's oldest living plant at that time.

Synthesized by Vinony from 50 facts across 10 sources: Wikidata, GBIF, Encyclopedia of Life, PubMed, iNaturalist, Gbif Occ, Plants of the World, WoRMS, iDigBio, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Species

Norway spruce

Picea

GENUS

KingdomPlantae
PhylumTracheophyta
ClassPinopsida
OrderPinales
FamilyPinaceae

Native toAfghanistan, Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Altay, Amur, Arizona, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, British Columbia, Bulgaria

Observations86,717

Observations recorded1,259,890

云杉属（学名：Picea）是松柏目松科下的一个属，为常绿乔木植物。该属共有约35种，分布于北温带。 2008年，研究人员宣布在瑞典达拉那的浮露山上发现了一株树龄9550年的挪威雲杉，為目前世界上最古老活植物。

via GBIF · Kew POWO

Museum specimens

Specimen records: 7,252
With media: 375
Family: Pinaceae
Collections: UCMP
Recorded in: United States

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Research

4,937 papers

Developing semiochemical repellents for protecting Picea from Dendroctonus rufipennis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Alaska and Utah, USA.Journal of economic entomology · 2024Audley JP, Fettig CJ, Moan JE et al.DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae070
PICEAdatabase: a web database for Picea omics and phenotypic information.Database : the journal of biological databases and curation · 2019Lu N, Zhu T, Ouyang F et al.DOI: 10.1093/database/baz089
The circadian clock participates in seasonal growth in Norway spruce (Picea abies).Tree physiology · 2024Lázaro-Gimeno D, Ferrari C, Delhomme N et al.DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae139
Brassinosteroids synthesised by CYP85A/A1 but not CYP85A2 function via a BRI1-like receptor but not via BRI1 in Picea abies.Journal of experimental botany · 2021Wang L, Liu J, Shen Y et al.DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa557
Purine and pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis and degradation during in vitro morphogenesis of white spruce (Picea glauca).ReviewFrontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library · 2004Stasolla C, Thorpe TADOI: 10.2741/1343
Dirigent proteins in conifer defense II: Extended gene discovery, phylogeny, and constitutive and stress-induced gene expression in spruce (Picea spp.).Phytochemistry · 2007Ralph SG, Jancsik S, Bohlmann JDOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.04.042
Picea wilsonii transcription factor NAC2 enhanced plant tolerance to abiotic stress and participated in RFCP1-regulated flowering time.Plant molecular biology · 2018Zhang H, Cui X, Guo Y et al.DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0792-z
Climate of origin shapes variations in wood anatomical properties of 17 Picea species.BMC plant biology · 2024Yang X, Yan H, Hao C et al.DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05103-7

via PubMed

~21 min read

Encyclopedic overview

26 sections

Contents

Etymology
Description
Evolution
Fossil history
External phylogeny
Internal phylogeny
Taxonomy
Taxonomic history
Species
Genome
Ecology
Establishment
Distribution and habitat
Diseases
Predators
Pests
Uses
Timber
Tonewood
Paper
Other materials
Food and drink
In art
Notes
References
External links

Spruces can be distinguished from other genera of the family Pinaceae by their needles (leaves), which are four-sided and attached singly to small persistent peg-like structures (pulvini) on the twigs. The needles are shed when 4–10 years old, leaving the twigs rough with the retained pegs. Pests of spruce forestry include green spruce aphid, eastern spruce budworm, European spruce bark beetle, and great spruce bark beetle.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “Picea” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.