Former countries in Europe

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), also known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until its dissolution in 1991. It was the world's third-most populous country, largest by area, and bordered twelve countries. A diverse multinational state, it was organized as a federal union of national republics, the largest and most populous being the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. In practice, its government and economy were highly centralized. As a one-party state governed by the Communist Party, it was the flagship communist state. Its capital and largest city was Moscow.

period of ancient Rome following the Republic

Sicily (Italian and ), officially the Sicilian Region, is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea and one of the twenty regions of Italy, situated south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe. With over 4.7 million inhabitants, including 1.2 million in and around the capital city of Palermo, it is both the largest and most populous island in the Mediterranean Sea.

Roman Empire during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages

Nazi Germany, officially the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship. The Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", referred to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and the German Empire (1871–1918). The Third Reich, which the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich, ended in May 1945, after 12 years, when the Allies defeated Germany and entered the capital, Berlin, ending World War II in Europe.

1949–1990 country in central Europe, unified into modern Germany

Prussia (; ; Old Prussian: ) was a German state centred on the North European Plain. It originated from the 1525 secularization act of the Prussian part of the State of the Teutonic Order. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, expanding its size with the Prussian Army. Prussia, with its capital at Königsberg and then, when it became the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701, Berlin, decisively shaped the history of Germany. Prussia formed the German Empire when it united the German states in 1871. It was de facto dissolved by an emergency decree transferring powers of the Prussian gover

period of ancient Roman civilization (509 BC–27 BC)

Tver (, ) is a city and the administrative centre of Tver Oblast, Russia. It is situated at the confluence of the Volga and Tvertsa rivers. Tver is located northwest of Moscow. Population:

canton of Switzerland

historical multinational monarchist state in Eastern Europe (Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania)

former federation of East Slavic tribes

constitutional monarchy in Western Europe (1707–1800)

nation of France from 1870 to 1940

kingdom on the island of Ireland between 1542 and 1801

republic of the Soviet Union (1922 – 1936)

composite monarchy which existed between 1162–1716

government in exile of Chechnya since 2000. Based in London

independent medieval kingdom in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula (910–1230), capital León

republic of the Netherlands in Western Europe between 1795–1806

government of France between 1848-1852

ancient Georgian kingdom of Kartli

historic Iberian state (1238–1492)

In classical antiquity and Greco-Roman geography, Colchis (; ) was an exonym for the Georgian polity of Egrisi () located on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, centered in present-day western Georgia also including the region of Abkhazia.

predecessor state of modern Finland

Northumbria was an early medieval English kingdom, existing between 654 and 1066 AD, spanning modern-day Northern England and Southern Scotland.

1965–1989 republic in Southeastern Europe

Ikaria, also spelled Icaria (; ), is a Greek island in the Aegean Sea, 10 nautical miles (19 km) southwest of Samos. Administratively, Ikaria forms a separate municipality within the Ikaria regional unit, which is part of the North Aegean administrative region.

Austrasia was a historical region and the northeastern realm within the core of the Frankish State during the Early Middle Ages, centering on the regions between Meuse, Moselle, Middle Rhine and the Main rivers. It included the original Frankish-ruled territories within what had been the northernmost part of Roman Gaul and parts of Roman Germania. It also stretched beyond the old Roman borders on the Rhine into Frankish areas which had never been formally under Roman rule. It came into being as a part of the Frankish Kingdom, founded by the Merovingian king Clovis I (r. 481–511), who expanded

government before Soviet Takeover, July 1917-October 1917

Neustria was the western part of the Kingdom of the Franks during the Early Middle Ages, in contrast to the eastern Frankish sub-kingdom, Austrasia. It initially included land between the Loire and the Silva Carbonaria, in the north of present-day France, with Paris, Orléans, Tours, Soissons as its main cities.

Alsace–Lorraine (German: Elsaß–Lothringen), officially the Imperial Territory of Alsace–Lorraine (), was a territory of the German Empire which is now part of France. It was established in 1871 by the German Empire after it had occupied the region during the Franco-Prussian War. The region was officially ceded to the German Empire in the Treaty of Frankfurt. French resentment about the loss of the territory was one of the contributing factors to World War I. Alsace–Lorraine was annexed in practice by France at the war's end following Germany's defeat in 1918, but only formally ceded back in 19

historical state in the Caucasus region

country in Western Europe from 843 to 962; predecessor to the Kingdom of Germany

thumb|Princes of East Circassia thumb|Presidents of the Circassian Confederation Circassia ( ), also known as Zichia, was a country and a historical region in . It spanned the western coastal portions of the North Caucasus, along the northeastern shore of the Black Sea. Circassia was conquered by the Russian Empire during the Russo-Circassian War (1763–1864), after which approximately 80–97% of the Circassian people were either exiled or massacred in the Circassian genocide.

former German state (1806-1918)

1919 socialist state in Central Europe

former Swiss polity under Napoleonic domination

short-lived unrecognised socialist state in Bavaria during the German Revolution of 1918–19

short-lived South Caucasian state (1918)

Gaelic overkingdom that included parts of western Scotland and northeastern Ulster in Ireland

Germanic Kingdom (435-534)

former country

semi-independent principality in Eastern Europe between 1570 and 1711

kingdom at the Iberian Peninsula existing between 1238-1707

kingdom established by the Ostrogoths in Italy and neighbouring areas (493-553 CE)

Carantania, also known as Carentania (, , in Old Slavic ''''), was a Slavic principality that emerged in the second half of the 7th century, in the territory of present-day southern Austria and north-eastern Slovenia. Since the middle of the 8th century, it was allied with Bavaria against the Avars, and consequently became a vassal state of the Frankish Empire. In the same time, Christianisation of Carantanian Slavs was initiated, mainly through missionary activities of the Archdiocese of Salzburg. By 828, internal autonomy of the principality was abolished, and the entire Carantanian territor

Alania was a medieval kingdom of the Alans that flourished between the 9th and 13th centuries in the Northern Caucasus area, inhabited by the Iranian-speaking Alans and various native north Caucasian ethnic groups. With its capital known as Maghas, the location of which is still disputed, it became independent from the Khazars and in the late 9th century. The state was Christianized by a Byzantine missionary sent by Constantinople soon after, in the early 10th century.

former country (1918–1919)

former nation in Europe

state in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula (1173-1714)

(925–1102) a medieval kingdom comprising most of what is today Croatia as well as, periodically, parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina

constitutional monarchy which existed between 1229–1715

former country

former country

Klettgau (; High Alemannic: Chleggau) is a municipality in the district of Waldshut in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is the center of the Klettgau historical region stretching across the Swiss border into the cantons of Aargau, Schaffhausen, and Zürich.

former country, recognized only by Poland (1920-1922)

Germanic kingdom in what is today Galicia, Spain, that was established by the Suebi about 410, and existed until 585

treaty

remnant of the Golden Horde from about 1466 until 1502