Group processes

thumb|Best Friends by Romualdo Locatelli (1934)

thumb|right|Benjamin Harrison (hospital administrator)|Benjamin Harrison, treasurer of [[Guy's Hospital in London, was shown as a dominant presiding figure, with the nepotism of Sir Astley Cooper having his tacit approval.]]

thumb|The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial authority in the country Authority is commonly understood as the legitimate power of a person or group over other people.

thumb|right|300px|Competition in Sport|sports. One selection of images showing some of the sporting events that are classed as athletics competitions.

right|thumb|Boy herding a flock of sheep, India; a classic example of the domestic herding of animals thumb|Wildebeest at the Ngorongoro Crater; an example of a herd in the wild

Ostracism (, ostrakismos) was an Athenian democratic procedure in which any citizen could be expelled from the city-state of Athens for ten years. While some instances clearly expressed popular anger at the citizen, ostracism was often used preemptively as a way of neutralizing someone thought to be a threat to the state or a potential tyrant. The word ostracism continues to be used for various forms of shunning.

Conformity or conformism is the act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to group norms, politics or being like-minded. Norms are implicit, specific rules, guidance shared by a group of individuals, that guide their interactions with others. People often choose to conform to society rather than pursue personal desires – because it is often easier to follow the path others have already made than to forge a new one. Thus, conformity is sometimes a product of group communication. This tendency to conform occurs in small groups and/or in society as a whole and may result from subtle uncon

thumb|Netherlandish Proverbs|One winds on the distaff what the other spins (Both spread gossip) by [[Pieter Bruegel the Elder (c. 16th century)]]

series of social psychology experiments, studying obedience to authority figures

controversial 1971 psychological experiment

Mobbing, as a sociological term, refers either to bullying in any context, or specifically to that within the workplace, especially when perpetrated by a group rather than an individual.

thumb|A Street fighting|street level rumble of Apache gang members battling Parisian Police officers en masse on 14 August 1904 A gang is a group or society of associates, friends, or members of a family with a defined leadership and internal organization that identifies with or claims control over territory in a community and engages, either individually or collectively, in illegal, and possibly violent, behavior, with such behavior often constituting a form of organized crime.

Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon that occurs within a group of people in which the desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome. Cohesiveness, or the desire for cohesiveness, in a group may produce a tendency among its members to agree at all costs. This causes the group to minimize conflict and reach a consensus decision without critical evaluation.

bonding between members of a group

system of behaviors and psychological processes occurring within a social group or between social groups

thumb|Six people pushing a van thumb|U.S. Navy sailors hauling in a mooring line thumb|A U.S. Navy rowing team thumb|A group of people forming a strategy thumb|A group of people collaborating Teamwork is the collaborative effort of a group to achieve a common goal or to complete a task in an effective and efficient way. Teamwork is seen within the framework of a team, which is a group of interdependent individuals who work together towards a common goal.

In sociology, popularity is how much a person, idea, place, item or other concept is either liked or accorded status by other people. Liking can be due to reciprocal liking, interpersonal attraction, and similar factors. Social status can be due to dominance, superiority, and similar factors. For example, a kind person may be considered likable and therefore more popular than another person, and a wealthy person may be considered superior and therefore more popular than another person.

influence that a peer group, observers or individual exerts that encourages others to change their attitudes, values, or behaviors to conform the group norms. A group trying to convince a person to do something they are unwilling to do.

group of birds conducting flocking behavior in the midst of flight, or while foraging or roosting

any competence facilitating interaction and communication with others where social rules and relations are created, communicated, and changed in verbal and nonverbal ways

Cronyism is awarding positions, jobs, contracts, loans, privileges, or advantages to friends or colleagues. It is used especially in politics, when referring to partiality between politicians and businesses. A person who supports or partakes in cronyism is referred to as a crony, cronie, or cronyist.

study of if and how individuals yielded to or defied a majority group

Tribalism is the state of being organized by, or advocating for, tribes or tribal lifestyles. Human evolution primarily occurred in small hunter-gatherer groups, as opposed to in larger and more recently settled agricultural societies or civilizations. With a negative connotation and in a political context, tribalism can also mean discriminatory behavior or attitudes towards out-groups, based on in-group loyalty.

exclusion of an individual from relationships

attributional type of cognitive bias whereby people tend to overestimate the extent to which their own opinions, beliefs, preferences, values, and habits are normal and typical of those of others

form of psychotherapy in which one or more therapists treat a small group of clients together as a group

how individuals in a group can act collectively without centralized direction

thumb|Hazing of a French Army pilot in 1997 after he completed 1,000 flight hours Hazing (American English), initiation, beasting (British English), bastardisation (Australian English), ragging (South Asian English) or deposition refers to any activity that humiliates, degrades, abuses, or endangers a person, regardless of their willingness to participate, the enduring of which is expected of them when joining or participating in a group.

r/place was a recurring collaborative project and social experiment hosted on the content aggregator site Reddit. Originally launched on April Fools' Day 2017, it has since been repeated again on April Fools' Day 2022 and on July 20, 2023.

practice of suddenly breaking off a relationship or friendship with someone

phenomenon that transmits collective illusions of threats, whether real or imaginary, through a population in society as a result of rumors and fear

Morale ( , ) is the capacity of a group's members to maintain belief in an institution or goal, particularly in the face of opposition or hardship. Morale is often referenced by authority figures as a generic value judgment of the willpower, obedience, and self-discipline of a group tasked with performing duties assigned by a superior. According to Alexander H. Leighton, "morale is the capacity of a group of people to pull together persistently and consistently in pursuit of a common purpose". With good morale, a force will be less likely to give up or surrender. Deliberately attempting to red

phenomenon of a person exerting less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group than when working alone

thumb|right|230px|A facilitator leading a discussion at a summit meeting.

situation in which a majority of group members privately reject a norm, but incorrectly assume that most others accept it, and therefore go along with it

Co-option, also known as co-optation and sometimes spelt cooption or cooptation, is a term with three common meanings. It may refer to:

tendency of a group to make more extreme decisions than the inclinations of its members

spontaneous spread of emotions among a group

sociological notions where in-group is a social group to which a person psychologically identifies as being a member, while an out-group is a social group with which an individual does not identify

Holacracy is a method of decentralized management and organizational governance, which claims to distribute authority and decision-making through a holarchy of self-organizing teams rather than being vested in a management hierarchy. Holacracy has been adopted by for-profit and non-profit organizations in several countries. This can be seen as a greater movement within organisational design to cope with increasingly complex social environments, that promises a greater degree of transparency, effectiveness and agility.

form of public humiliation and torture used by the Chinese Communist Party in the Mao era

thumb|Two flocks of common cranesthumb|A swarm-like flock of starlings

spread of illness symptoms through a population where there is no viral or bacterial agent responsible for contagion

Group dynamics

human tendency to adopt beliefs and behaviors favored by one's peer group, instead of thinking independently

collective behaviour of a large number of (usually) self-propelled entities of similar size

Narcissism of the group

shared sense of belonging to a group

1876 book by Henry Martyn Robert

system of values, ideas, metaphors, beliefs, and practices that serve to establish social order, orient participants and enable communication among the members of groups and communities

form of voluntary association for cooperative learning

perception of out-group members as more similar to each other

pattern of favoring members of one's in-group over out-group members

Wikimedia template

thumb|The 1919 book, The Stranger, is one of many works of fiction revolving around circumstances following the arrival of a stranger in the lives of established characters.A stranger is a person who is unknown or unfamiliar to another person or group. Because of this unknown status or unfamiliarity, a stranger may be perceived as a threat until their identity and character can be ascertained. Different classes of strangers have been identified for social science purposes, and the tendency for strangers and foreigners to overlap has been examined.

social, emotional, cognitive and behavioral skills needed for successful social adaptation

social phenomenon in which a concept or idea is repeatedly asserted in a community, regardless of whether sufficient empirical evidence has been presented to support it

social psychological model of intergroup conflict

type of collective action problem

experimental meta-game on Reddit.com