Information science

Information is an abstract concept that refers to something which has the power to inform. At the most fundamental level, it pertains to the interpretation (perhaps formally) of that which may be sensed, or their abstractions. Any natural process that is not completely random and any observable pattern in any medium can be said to convey some amount of information. Whereas digital signals and other data use discrete signs to convey information, other phenomena and artifacts such as analogue signals, poems, pictures, music or other sounds, and currents convey information in a more continuous fo

A document is a written, drawn, presented, or memorialized representation of thought, often the manifestation of non-fictional, as well as fictional, content. The etymology of the word "document" derives from the Latin ', which denotes a "teaching" or "lesson": the verb ' denotes "to teach". Historically, the term "document" was usually used to indicate written proof useful as evidence of a truth or fact.

field of study to extract insights from data

field primarily concerned with the analysis, collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval and dissemination of information

artifact, document, diary, manuscript, autobiography, a recording, or other source of information that was created at the time under study

any media encoded in machine-readable formats

set of abilities to recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the needed information

specification of a conceptualization

list of words or phrases with pointers to their locations

Documentation is any communicable material that is used to describe, explain, or instruct regarding some attributes of an object, system, or procedure, such as its parts, assembly, installation, maintenance, and use. As a form of knowledge management and knowledge organization, documentation can be provided on paper, online, or on digital or analog media, such as audio tape or CDs. Examples of such resources include user guides, white papers, online help, and quick-reference guides. Paper or hard-copy documentation has become less common. Contemporary documentation is often distributed through

Informatics is the study of computational systems. According to the ACM Europe Council and Informatics Europe, informatics is synonymous with computer science and computing as a profession, in which the central notion is the transformation of information. In some cases, the term "informatics" may also be used with different meanings, e.g., in the context of social computing or library science.

document that discusses information originally presented elsewhere

literature on scientific topics

library catalog on the web

structural design of shared information

list of words/terms found in a text or text corpus

principles of library operations proposed by S. R. Ranganathan

process of evaluating an information source

publication type, study that gathers, analyzes, and communicates the results of research and information on a topic

index or textual consolidation of primary and secondary sources

area of expertise on the interaction of a company's business strategy and its ability to deliver it

public communication of science-related topics to non-experts

process of information search and text of a review article (Q7318358), which includes the current knowledge including substantive findings, as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic

thumb|Interpretation of the MEMEX at German Museum of Technology thumb|Vannevar Bush

database providing an authoritative source of bibliographic information

strategies of information processing and ordering of knowledge

rapid increase in the amount of published information or data

problem in library science, information science and computer science

media evolution

explanation of someone's thought process about how something works in the real world

Relevance is the connection between topics that makes one useful for dealing with the other. Relevance is studied in many different fields, including cognitive science, logic, and library and information science. Epistemology studies it in general, and different theories of knowledge have different implications for what is considered relevant.

the study of the recording and retrieval of information

Data Information Knowledge Wisdom Hierarchy

measures of relevance in pattern recognition and information retrieval

Schema.org is a reference website that publishes documentation and guidelines for using structured data mark-up on web-pages (in the form of microdata, RDFa or JSON-LD). Its main objective is to standardize HTML tags to be used by webmasters for creating rich results (displayed as visual data or infographic tables on search engine results) about a certain topic of interest. It is a part of the semantic web project, which aims to make document mark-up codes more readable and meaningful to both humans and machines.

state of qualitative or quantitative pieces of information

standardized and organized sets of words and phrases for retrieval and disambiguation of information, distinguishing preferred terms from non-preferred terms

family of formal knowledge representation languages

The science of webometrics (also referred to as cybermetrics) aims to quantify the World Wide Web to get knowledge about the number and types of hyperlinks, the structure of the World Wide Web, and using patterns. According to Björneborn and Ingwersen, the definition of webometrics is "the study of the quantitative aspects of the construction and use of information resources, structures and technologies on the Web drawing on bibliometric and informetric approaches." The term webometrics was coined by Almind and Ingwersen (1997). A second definition of webometrics has also been introduced, "the

field of study dealing with the conceptual structure of public knowledge

thumb|Insurance claim process depicted in ArchiMate. Archimate enables modelling in different layers.

Datafication is a technological trend turning many aspects of our life into data, which is then converted into information, thereby manifesting as a new form of value.

contamination of information supply with irrelevant, redundant, unsolicited and low-value information

A documentalist is a professional, trained in documentation science and specializing in assisting researchers in their search for scientific and technical documentation. With the development of bibliographical databases such as MEDLINE, documentalists were professionals who searched such databases on the behalf of users.

classifying a document by keywords, index terms or descriptors

Informetrics is the study of quantitative aspects of information, it is an extension and evolution of traditional bibliometrics and scientometrics. Informetrics uses bibliometrics and scientometrics methods to study mainly the problems of literature information management and evaluation of science and technology.

Findability is the ease with which information contained on a website can be found, both from outside the website (using search engines and the like) and by users already on the website. Although findability has relevance outside the World Wide Web, the term is usually used in that context. Most relevant websites do not come up in the top results because designers and engineers do not cater to the way ranking algorithms work currently. Its importance can be determined from the first law of e-commerce, which states "If the user can't find the product, the user can't buy the product." As of Dece

how people find information

field which studies the methods and methodologies for building ontologies, which are formal representations of a set of concepts within a domain and the relationships between those concepts

information repository structured as a graph of entities and relationships; used by search engines and AI systems for entity resolution, retrieval composition, and knowledge representation

freedom or ability to identify, obtain and make use of database or information effectively

alt=Children browsing books.|thumb|300x300px|Children browsing books Browsing is a kind of orienting strategy. It is supposed to identify something of relevance for the browsing organism. In context of humans, it is a metaphor taken from the animal kingdom. It is used, for example, about people browsing open shelves in libraries, window shopping, or browsing databases or the Internet.

set of tools and systems for managing one's own data

NGSI-LD is an information model and API for publishing, querying and subscribing to context information. It is meant to facilitate the open exchange and sharing of structured information between different stakeholders. It is used across application domains such as smart cities, smart industry, smart agriculture, and more generally for the Internet of things, cyber-physical systems, systems of systems and digital twins.

ontology applicable across domains of knowledge

profession

user-centered, open innovation ecosystem integrating research and innovation in real life communities

undesired or unintended alteration in data introduced in a digital process by an involved technique and/or technology

web site managed by the FAO for accessing and discussing agricultural information management standards, tools and methodologies

institution which has curatorial care over a collection and whose mission it is to preserve the collection for future generations