International trade

Globalization (UK: globalisation) is the process of increasing interdependence and integration among the economies, markets, societies, and cultures of different countries worldwide. It can be attributed to a series of factors, including the reduction of barriers to international trade, the liberalization of capital movements, the development of transportation infrastructure, and the advancement of information and communication technologies. The term globalization first appeared in the early 20th century (replacing an earlier French term ). It developed its current meaning in the second half o

standard which delineates currency designators and its countries

An export in international trade is a good produced in one country that is sold into another country or a service provided in one country for a national or resident of another country. The seller of such goods or the service provider is an exporter; the foreign buyer is an importer. Services that figure in international trade include financial, accounting and other professional services, tourism, education as well as intellectual property rights.

exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories

difference between the monetary value of exports and imports

Autarky is the characteristic of self-sufficiency, usually applied to societies, communities, states, and their economic systems.

unification of economic policies between different states

process in which software is made accessible to people in different areas of the world

the business practice registering a ship under a different sovereign state than that of its owners, to reduce costs or avoid regulations

Cabotage () is the transport of goods or passengers between two places in the same country by a carrier registered in a different country. The term originally applied to shipping along coastal routes, port to port, but now applies to aviation, railways, and road transport as well. Most countries do not permit cabotage, and there are strict sanctions against it, for reasons of economic protectionism, national security, or public safety. One notable exception is the European Union, whose member states all grant cabotage rights to each other.

Offshoring is the relocation of a business process from one country to another—typically an operational process, such as manufacturing, or supporting processes, such as accounting. Usually this refers to a company business, although state governments may also employ offshoring. More recently, technical and administrative services have been offshored.

ideology favoring policies that emphasize domestic control of the economy, labor, and capital formation

restriction of trade by a government

trade of goods outside the original producer's authorized distribution channel

economy favoring cross-border investment and commerce

overview about the global financial system

collection of manufactured parts exported for assembly

right|thumb|300x300px|Worldwide use of the U.S. dollar: Worldwide use of the euro:

concept in international economics

vessels illegally operated by Russia

type of service provider

department of the State Council of the People's Republic of China

practice of employers to use cheaper labour than is usually available at their site of production or sale

Disruption to global trade, mostly in 2021 and 2022

branch of law

economic improvement attempt that causes worse conditions for other countries

economic commodities of coffee in global trading markets

Nearshoring is the outsourcing of business processes, especially information technology processes, to companies in a nearby country, often sharing a border with the target country. Both parties expect to benefit from one or more of the following dimensions of proximity: geographic, temporal (time zone), cultural, social, linguistic, economic, political, or historical linkages.

field of international law that involves the regulation and conduct of states, international organizations, and private firms operating in the international economic arena

sanction evasion in the maritime domain

Intrastat is the system for collecting information and producing statistics on the trade in goods between countries of the European Union (EU). It began operation on 1 January 1993, when it replaced customs declarations as the source of trade statistics within the EU. The requirements of Intrastat are similar in all member states of the EU, although there are important exceptions.

goods

the exchange of products belonging to the same industry

form of illegal capital flight

thumb|300px|right|The German and part of the Danish railway line thumb|300 px|right|Ferry at Puttgarden. Trains and cars are loaded by the lower ramp, cars only by the upper ramp. The ' (German) or ' (Danish) is a transport corridor between Copenhagen, Denmark, and Hamburg, Germany.

economic effect of customs unions

production under license of technology developed elsewhere

surcharge on sea freight charges

part of English for specific purposes

policies intended to encourage trade between nations

Sale and delivery between a producer and consumer

strategies to facilitate international trade