Lamarckism

Russian physiologist (1849-1936)

English philosopher and political theorist (1820–1903)

French naturalist (1744-1829)

Hungarian-British author and journalist (1905–1983)

English novelist and critic (1835–1902)

thumb|Epigenetic mechanisms

American paleontologist, geologist, and biologist (1840–1897)

thumb|upright=1.8|Jean-Baptiste Lamarck|Lamarck argued, as part of his theory of [[heredity, that a blacksmith's sons inherit the strong muscles the blacksmith acquires from his work.]] Lamarckism, also known as Lamarckian inheritance or neo-Lamarckism, is the notion that an organism can pass on to its offspring physical characteristics that the parent organism acquired through use or disuse during its lifetime. It is also called the inheritance of acquired characteristics or more recently soft inheritance. The idea is named after the French zoologist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829), who inc

Danish zoologist (1745–1808)

British psychologist (1871–1938)

thumb|upright=1.35 |Trofim Lysenko speaking at the Kremlin in 1935; behind him are (left to right) [[Stanislav Kosior, Anastas Mikoyan, Andrei Andreev and Joseph Stalin]] Lysenkoism was a pseudoscientific political campaign led by the Soviet biologist Trofim Lysenko against genetics and science-based agriculture in the mid-20th century, rejecting natural selection in favour of a form of Lamarckism, as well as expanding upon the techniques of vernalization and grafting.

thumb|upright=2|Charles Darwin's pangenesis theory postulated that every part of the body emits tiny particles called gemmules which migrate to the [[gonads and are transferred to offspring. Gemmules were thought to develop into their associated body parts as offspring matures. The theory implied that changes to the body during an organism's life would be inherited, as proposed in Lamarckism.]]

American ecologist (1874–1945)

anatomist/zoologist (1793-1874)

French naturalist, geographer and officer (1778-1846)

British-Argentinian ornithologist (1841-1922)

Mauritian physiologist and neurologist (1817–1894)

French botanist (1853-1922)

American sociologist and paleontologist (1841-1913)

Austrian scientist (1880-1926)

French zoologist (1844-1921)

Governor-general of French Indochina (1843-1919)

French zoologist (1895-1985)

French zoologist (1854-1920)

19th-century theory that civilization was declining due to biological change

American zoologist, paleontologist (1838-1902)

Swiss zoologist (1825-1895)

distinction between germ cell lineages producing gametes and somatic cells

German zoologist

French zoologist

French biologist (1869-1917)

zoologist (1857–1923)

French botanist and zoologist (1868-1958)

American entomologist, palaeontologist (1839-1905)

French botanist (1857–1936)

French botanist (1878-1958)

American paleontologist and geologist (1841–1906)

Australian-British zoologist and botanist (1865-1925)

Portuguese writer (1884–1941)

English botanist (1835-1925)

Russian biologist and anarchist emigrated to France

American paleontologist (1856–1904)

American naturalist and philologist (1812–1880)

German paleontologist and herpetologist (1859–1898)

British scientist (1851-1924)

German zoologist (1859–1938)

German zoologist (1855-1912)

British anthropologist (1879-1954)

British botanist (1881-1967)

Scottish biologist and philosopher of biology (1887-1954)

evolutionary view of an individual multicellular organism as a community of the host plus all of its symbiotic microbes

German zoologist (1862–1937)

Romanian journalist and literary critic, also remembered for his work in anthropology, ethnography, sociology and zoology (1875-1951)

French embryologist (1867–1966)

British marine biologist and zoologist (1859–1935)

British theologian

Swedish botanist and geneticist (1883-1955)

American psychologist (1893-1966)

British anatomist, administrator, archaeologist, scientist, educationalist and writer (1858-1929)