Logicians

Aristotle (; 384–322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, and the arts. As the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy in the Lyceum in Athens, he began the wider Aristotelian tradition that followed, which set the groundwork for the development of modern science.

German philosopher (1724-1804)

Ibn Sina ( – 22 June 1037), commonly known in the West as Avicenna ( ), was a preeminent philosopher and physician of the Muslim world. He was a seminal figure of the Islamic Golden Age, serving in the courts of various Iranian rulers, and was influential to medieval European medical and Scholastic thought.

English philosopher and statesman (1561–1626)

British philosopher and political economist (1806–1873)

Ibn Rushd (14 April 112611 December 1198), Latinized as Averroes, was an Andalusian polymath and jurist who was proficient in a variety of intellectual fields, including philosophy, theology, medicine, astronomy, physics, psychology, mathematics, neurology, Islamic jurisprudence and law, and linguistics. The author of more than 100 books and treatises, his philosophical works include numerous commentaries on Aristotle, for which he was known in the Western world as "The Commentator" and "Father of Rationalism".

Austrian-British philosopher of science and social and política e falsificationism and for criticism of Plato, Hegel and Marx as totalitarian opponents of open society (1902-1994)

thumbnail|200px|Postage stamp of the USSR, issued on the 1100th anniversary of the birth of Al-Farabi (1975) Abu Nasr Muhammad al-Farabi (; – 14 December 950–12 January 951), known in the Latin West as Alpharabius, was an early Islamic philosopher and music theorist. He has been designated as "Father of Islamic Neoplatonism", and the "Founder of Islamic Political Philosophy".

Mozi, personal name Mo Di,

French logician, mathematician, philosopher and linguist (1868–1914)

1st century AD Roman Stoic philosopher

Israeli computer scientist

Finland Swedish philosopher, professor and member of the Academy of Finland (1916–2003)

French mathematician (1908–1931)

South African philosopher and academic

Abu al-Hasan (or Abu al-Husayn) Bahmanyar ibn al-Marzban, better simply known as Bahmanyar (; died 1066) was an Iranian scholar, who is mainly known as one of the most prominent pupils of Avicenna (d. 1037).

Professor and researcher of the Brazilian Research Council

American mathematician

Shafi'i Islamic scholar (1284–1355)

Spanish philosopher (1941–2017)

Lithuanian politician (1944–2006)

13th century Syrian scholar and diplomat

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islamic judge and theologian

Islamic theologian and author in 8th century Hijri

Spanish philosopher

alleguedly Spanish philosopher

Finnish philosopher

Chilean psychiatrist (1908–1995)

Finnish academic (1880–1937)

Dutch philosopher

Sayyidi ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣaghīr ibn Muḥammad ibn Sayyidi ʿĀmir al-Akẖḍarī al-Bīsīkrī Arabic :سيدي عبد الرحمن بن محمد الصغير بن محمد بن سيدي عمرو الأخضري, better known as Al-Akẖḍari (), born in 1512 in Biskra in present-day Algeria and died in 1575 in Biskra in present-day Algeria, was an Arab poet, logician, astronomer and maliki jurist.

Armenian philosopher, educator, translator, and linguist

Islamic jurist

ancient French logician

Muslim theologian and mystic (b. 1377, d. 1438)

Spanish mathematician, logician, and philosopher

Mexican philosopher and engineer (1918–1991)