Miocene carnivorans

Viverra is a mammalian genus that was first named and described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 as comprising several species including the large Indian civet (V. zibetha). The genus was subordinated to the viverrid family by John Edward Gray in 1821.

Proailurus is an extinct felid genus that lived in Europe and Asia approximately 25–30.8 million years ago in the Late Oligocene and Miocene. Fossils have been found in Mongolia, Germany, and Spain.

Machairodus (from Ancient Greek μάχαιρα (mákhaira), a type of ancient sword, and ὀδούς (odoús), meaning "tooth") is a genus of large machairodont or saber-toothed cat that lived in Africa and Eurasia during the Middle to Late Miocene, from 12.5 million to 8.7 million years ago. It is the animal from which the subfamily Machairodontinae gets its name. The genus currently consists of four named species: M. alberidae, M. aphanistus, M. laskerevi, and M. robinsoni. The genus is currently usually placed as one of the most basal members of the tribe Homotherini, and the ancestor of later members of

Arctoidea is an infraorder of mostly carnivorous mammals which include the extinct Hemicyonidae (dog-bears), and the extant Musteloidea (weasels, raccoons, skunks, red pandas), Pinnipedia (seals, sea lions), and Ursidae (bears), found in all continents from the Eocene, , to the present. The oldest group of the clade is the bears, as their CMAH gene is still intact. The gene became non-functional in the common ancestor of the Mustelida (the musteloids and pinnipeds). Arctoids are caniforms, along with dogs (canids) and extinct bear dogs (Amphicyonidae). The earliest caniforms were superficially

Barbourofelinae is a subfamily of carnivorans within the extinct family of feliforms known as Nimravidae. Sometimes known as false saber-toothed cats, that lived in North America, Eurasia and Africa during the Miocene epoch (22.8—7 million years ago) and existed for about . Once thought to have been an independent lineage from the nimravids and Machairodontinae, most experts over the recent years have reclassified them as nimravids.

Ictitherium (meaning "weasel beast") is an extinct genus belonging to the family Hyaenidae and the subfamily Ictitheriinae erected by Trouessart in 1897. Ictitherium lived throughout Eurasia during the Late Miocene.

Percrocutidae is an extinct family of hyena-like feliform carnivorans endemic to Asia, Africa, and Southern Europe from the Middle Miocene through the Pliocene, existing for about .

Metailurini is an extinct taxonomic tribe of large saber-toothed cats that lived in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America from the Miocene to the Pleistocene.

Amphicynodontidae is a probable clade of extinct arctoids. While some researchers consider this group to be an extinct subfamily of bears, a variety of morphological evidence links amphicynodontines with pinnipeds, as the group were semi-aquatic otter-like mammals. In addition to the support of the pinniped–amphicynodontine clade, other morphological and some molecular analyses support bears being the closest living relatives to pinnipeds. According to McKenna and Bell (1997) Amphicynodontinae are classified as stem-pinnipeds in the superfamily Phocoidea. Fossils of these mammals have been fou

Hemicyon, also known as the "dog-bear" (literally "half dog", from Greek (half) + (dog)), is an extinct genus of hemicyonine bear, which probably originated in Eurasia but was found in Europe, Asia and North America during the Miocene epoch (), existing for approximately . Hemicyon is the best-known genus in the Hemicyoninae, a subfamily intermediate between bears and their Caniform ancestors but most often classified as bears. Hemicyonid bears should not be confused with Amphicyonids (bear-dogs), which are their own separate family of carnivores.

Simocyon ("short-snouted dog") is a genus of extinct carnivoran mammal in the family Ailuridae. Simocyon, which was about the size of a mountain lion, lived in the late Miocene and early Pliocene epochs, and has been found in Europe, Asia, and rarely, North America and Africa.

Nimravides is a genus of extinct saber-toothed cats that was endemic in North America during the Late Miocene, from 11 to 6.5 Ma. Despite its scientific name, Nimravides does not belong to the Nimravidae, but is a true cat belonging to the family Felidae.

Chamitataxus is a prehistoric badger genus. Chamitataxus avitus is the only known species of the genus. Chamitataxus lived during the Late Miocene, around 6 million years ago in what is now North America. Out of the three taxidiine badger genera to have existed on the continent, Chamitataxus is the most primitive. Very few taxideine badger remains have been uncovered to date, with only prehistoric Taxidea and Pliotaxidea specimens being discovered prior to the Chamitataxus holotype being found.

Sansanosmilus is an extinct genus of carnivorous mammal of the subfamily, Barbourofelinae and was found in Eurasia and lived during the Miocene from 16 to 11.4 mya, existing for . Including supplementary materials

species of mammal

Ekorus ekakeran is a large, extinct mustelid mammal. Fossils, including largely complete skeletons, are known from the late Miocene of Kenya.

Ysengrinia is an extinct genus of carnivoran in the family Amphicyonidae, that lived during the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene. Fossil remains have been discovered in Western Europe, the United States and possibly China. The European species are among the earliest known members of the Thaumastocyoninae, a group of aberrant amphicyonids showcasing hypercarnivorous adations, but are only known from fragmentary remains. The American species is much better preserved and shows a robust, black-bear sized predator. These fossils play an important role in our understanding of the biotic interchange b

Homotherini (Machairodontini) is a tribe (or subtribe) of saber-toothed cats of the family Felidae (true cats). The tribe is commonly known as scimitar-toothed cats. These saber-toothed cats were endemic to North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America from the Miocene to Pleistocene living from c. 12.5 Ma until c. 12,000 years ago. The evolutionary relationship between the tribes Homotherini and Machairodontini cause paleontologists to classify Homotherini either as a subtribe of Machairodontini, or the same tribe often using either name interchangeably.

Prosansanosmilus is an extinct genus of barbourofelin that lived in Europe during the Early Miocene epoch from 18 to 15.97 mya, existing for approximately .  Including supplementary materials It contains Prosansanosmilus peregrinus, which died out in the Miocene epoch.

Afrosmilus is a fossil genus of afrosmilin barbourofelin. It lived in Africa during the middle Miocene.

Hemicyoninae is an extinct subfamily of Ursidae, often called dog bears (literally "half dog" (Greek: )). They were bear-like carnivorans living in Europe, North America, Africa and Asia during the Oligocene through Miocene epochs 33.9–5.3 Ma, existing for approximately . They are sometimes classified as a separate family.

Amphicyoninae is a subfamily of extinct amphicyonids, large terrestrial carnivores sometimes called "bear-dogs", belonging to the suborder Caniformia, which inhabited North America, Eurasia, and Africa from the middle Eocene to the late Miocene.

Ginsburgsmilus is an extinct genus of carnivorous mammal of the subfamily Barbourofelinae. This genus was endemic to Africa during the early Miocene. There is only one known specimen of Ginsburgsmilus napakensis, dated to 20-19 mya.

species of mammal

Amphictis is an extinct genus of ailurids that existed from the Late Oligocene to the Middle Miocene with fossils found in Eurasia and North America with a total of nine described species. The interrelationships of the different species as well as their relationship to the other ailurids is not fully understood. Usually Amphictis is classified in the basal monotypic subfamily Amphictinae, but there is no certainty as the genus could potentially be a paraphyletic with the Oligocene species A. borbonica being a potential sister taxon to the ancestor of the subfamily Ailurinae (today consisting j

Paratomarctus is an extinct monospecific genus of the Borophaginae subfamily of canids native to North America. It lived from the Middle to Late Miocene, 16.3 – 5.3 mya, existing for approximately . It was about the size of a coyote, and was probably a generalised predator, without the specialised adaptations of most later borophagines.

Oligobuninae is an extinct subfamily of the family Mustelidae known from Miocene deposits in North America.

genus of mammals

species of mammal (fossil)

Plithocyon is an extinct genus of hemicyonine bear of the Miocene epoch, endemic to North America and Europe. It lived from ~15.97—11.61 Ma, existing for approximately .

Pseudocyon (False dog) is a genus of amphicyonid which inhabited Eurasia and North America during the Miocene epoch living approximately .

Phlaocyonini is an extinct clade or tribe of hypocarnivorous borophagines (bone-crushing dogs). They were endemic to North America and from the Oligocene epoch (Whitneyan stage) to the Miocene (Early Barstovian) living ~33.3–5.3 Ma, existing for approximately .

Mesocyon ("middle dog") is an extinct genus of the Hesperocyoninae subfamily of early canids native to North America. It lived from the Oligocene to Early Miocene, 30.3—20.3 Ma, existing for approximately . Fossils are known from Oregon, southern California and the northern Great Plains. It was roughly coyote-sized, and the first known canid to have a primarily meat-based diet.

Dinocyon is an extinct genus of hemicyonine bear of the Miocene epoch, endemic to Europe. It lived from around 20.3–5.3 Ma, existing for approximately .

Palaeogale is an extinct genus of carnivorous mammal known from the Late Eocene, Oligocene, and Early Miocene of North America, Europe, and Eastern Asia. A small carnivore often associated with the mustelids, Palaeogale might have been similar to living genets, civets, and linsangs.

Osbornodon ("Osborn's tooth") is an extinct genus of canid that were endemic to North America and which lived from the Oligocene to the Early Miocene, 33.9—15.97 Ma (AEO), existing for approximately . It was the last surviving genus of the hesperocyonine subfamily, the oldest subfamily of canids. The genus is named for Henry Fairfield Osborn. ==Species== Seven known species of Osbornodon existed: Osbornodon brachypus Cope 1881 Osbornodon fricki Wang 1994 (18 Ma) Osbornodon iamonensis Sellards 1916 (21 Ma) Osbornodon renjiei Wang 1994 (33 Ma) Osbornodon sesnoni Macdonald 1967 (32 Ma) Osbornod

The Temnocyoninae are an extinct subfamily of medium-sized amphicyonids endemic to North America that lived during the Early Oligocene to Early Miocene about 30.8-20.43 million years ago (Mya) existing for around 10 million years.

Ectopocynus ("strange dog") is an extinct genus of bone crushing canid which inhabited North America from the Oligocene to the Early Miocene. It lived from 33.3 to 16.0 Ma and existed for approximately .

Siamogale is an extinct genus of giant otter from the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene of eastern Asia. Three species are currently known, S. thailandica and S. bounosa from Thailand and S. melilutra from China.

Stenailurus is an extinct genus of metailurin machairodontine (saber-toothed) cat from the Late Miocene (the Turolian, specifically) of Spain. It contains a single species, Stenailurus teilhardi . It was described based on a piece of maxilla in 1972.

Pseudarctos is a member of the extinct family Amphicyonidae of terrestrial carnivores belonging to the suborder Caniformia, which inhabited Eurasia in the Middle Miocene subepoch 16.9—11.1 Ma, existing for approximately .

Paradaphoenus is a physically small amphicyonid that inhabited North America from the Early Oligocene to the Middle Miocene, 33.3—15.97 Ma, existing for approximately . Fossils have been found at Haystack, Oregon, Banner County, Nebraska, Dawes County, Nebraska, and Sheep Mtn, South Dakota.

Kanuites is an extinct genus of paradoxurine viverrid carnivore. It lived in Africa, during the Miocene epoch.

Hyperailurictis is an extinct genus of felid from Miocene North America. The Hyperailurictis species are Pseudaelurus-grade felids and thought to be the first felids in the Americas. ==Taxonomy and evolution== ===Taxonomic history=== In 1858, the paleontologist Joseph Leidy described a new species of cat, Felis intrepidus, based on lower jaw fragments (a left ramus, described, and a right ramus, mentioned only and now lost) found somewhere in Nebraska near the Niobrara river. The fragments were later determined to have come from the lower Valentine Formation, making them late Barstovian in ag

Eomellivora is an extinct genus of prehistoric mustelids, closely related to the honey badger, known from Eurasia and North America, and tentatively Africa. It was one of the biggest mustelids ever known, bigger and more hypercarnivorous than the modern wolverine. Using equations by Legendre (1986) for calculating body mass for mammals through linear dimensions of the first lower molar, Eomellivora averaged roughly 50 kg (based on measurements reported in Valenciano et al., 2015).

species of carnivore (fossil)

thumb | right | alt=Remains of a jaw, brownish in color, with dark brown teeth | Jaw of Protepicyon raki Protepicyon is an extinct monospecific genus of the Borophaginae subfamily of canids native to North America. It lived during the Barstovian stage of the Middle Miocene 16.0—13.6 mya. One of the top predators of its time, it was the probable ancestor of the better known Epicyon, and is known from remains in California and New Mexico.

Magerictis is a fossil genus of ailurid with a single species Magerictis imperialenis (sometimes spelled Magerictis imperialis), which was originally known from a single m2 tooth. Several more specimens were later found, but were undescribed as of 2014.

Jinomrefu is a fossil genus of barbourofelin containing a single species Jinomrefu lakwanza. It was described in 2020 based on fossils from the Paleogene-Neogene boundary locality at Nakwai, Kenya. ==References==

Phoberogale is an extinct genus of hemicyonine bear, which lived during the Early Miocene, found in France, California, and Pakistan, from .

Oriensmilus is a fossil genus of barbourofelin containing a single species Oriensmilus liupanensis. It was described in 2020 based a nearly complete skull from the Middle Miocene-aged Tongxin Basin in northern China.

Leptofelis is an extinct genus of Pseudaelurus-grade felid found in Spain.

Pliocyon is an extinct genus of amphicyonids which inhabited North America during the Middle Miocene 16.0—13.6 Ma, existing for approximately . Fossils have been uncovered in South Florida, Oregon, and western Nebraska.