Mitochondria

A mitochondrion () is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy. They were discovered by Albert von Kölliker in 1857 in the voluntary muscles of insects. The term mitochondrion, meaning a thread-like granule, was coined by Carl Benda in 1898. The mitochondrion is popularly nicknamed the "powerhouse of the cell", a phrase popularized by Philip Siekevitz in a 1957 Scientifi

biological process

In biology, Archezoa is a term that has been introduced by several authors to refer to a group of organisms (a taxon). Authors include Josef Anton Maximilian Perty, Ernst Haeckel and in the 20th century by Thomas Cavalier-Smith in his classification system. Each author used the name to refer to categories of organisms described by different sets of shared characteristics. This reuse by later authors of the same taxon name for different groups of organisms is problematic in taxonomy because the inclusion of the name in a sentence such as "Archezoa have no olfactory organs" does not make sense u

Thermogenin (called uncoupling protein by its discoverers and now known as uncoupling protein 1, or UCP1) is a mitochondrial carrier protein found in brown adipose tissue (BAT). It is used to generate heat by non-shivering thermogenesis, and makes a quantitatively important contribution to countering heat loss in babies which would otherwise occur due to their high surface area-volume ratio. Recent findings indicate that the UCP1 protein plays a crucial role in thermogenesis by catalyzing the dissipative production of heat through protons derived from NADH and FADH2. These electron carriers ar

thumb|Electron micrograph of normal kinetoplast (K) of Trypanosoma brucei A kinetoplast is a network of circular DNA (called kDNA) inside a mitochondrion that contains many copies of the mitochondrial genome. The most common kinetoplast structure is a disk, but they have been observed in other arrangements. Kinetoplasts are only found in Excavata of the class Kinetoplastida. The variation in the structures of kinetoplasts may reflect phylogenic relationships between kinetoplastids. A kinetoplast is usually adjacent to the organism's flagellar basal body, suggesting that it is bound to some com

Hypothesis explaining cancer

A membrane that devides the cell

family of transport protein supercomplexes consisting of separate complexes in the mitochondrial inner and outer membrane and the space between

thumb|270px|Cytopathology of [[Warthin's tumor, with typical cellular features (and a relatively uncommon binucleated cell). Pap stain. The relatively large size of the oncocytes is seen when comparing to the lymphocyte.]] thumb|290px|Micrograph showing [[apocrine-type metaplasia of the breast with typical oncocytes. H&E stain.]] right|thumb|Oncocytes (left of image), as seen in a renal oncocytoma. [[H&E stain.]] An oncocyte is an epithelial cell characterized by an excessive number of mitochondria, resulting in an abundant acidophilic, granular cytoplasm. Oncocytes can be benign or malignant.

thumb|X-ray crystal structure of Bcl-xL with 1.76 Å resolution

multiprotein inner mitochondrial complex which opens only under certain pathological conditions

protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens