Monoamine releasing agents

Ractopamine () is an animal feed additive used to promote leanness and increase food conversion efficiency in farmed animals in few countries, banned in most. Pharmacologically, it is a phenol-based TAAR1 agonist and β adrenoreceptor agonist that stimulates β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly administered to animals for meat production as ractopamine hydrochloride. It is the active ingredient in products marketed in the US as Paylean for swine, Optaflexx for cattle, and Topmax for turkeys. It was developed by Elanco Animal Health, a former division of Eli Lilly and Company.

Benfluorex, sold under the brand name Mediator, is an anorectic and hypolipidemic agent that is structurally related to fenfluramine (a substituted amphetamine). It acts mostly as a prodrug of norfenfluramine. It was fraudulently claimed to improve glycemic control and decrease insulin resistance in people with poorly controlled type-2 diabetes through norfenfluramine acting as a 5-HT2B receptor agonist

Mesembrine is an alkaloid found within Sceletium tortuosum, commonly known as kanna. This compound is noted for its psychoactive properties, particularly as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, which contributes to its potential use in treating mood disorders and anxiety. Mesembrine has garnered interest in both traditional medicine and modern pharmacology, where it is explored for its effects on enhancing mood and cognitive function.

class of compounds

Etolorex is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and anorectic drug belonging to the substituted amphetamine and phenethylamine chemical classes. Etolorex was derived from phentermine, an amphetamine derivative in its own right frequently prescribed as a weight loss drug for the treatment of obesity with a positive side effect of CNS activation and energizing the patient. Etolorex, for unknown reasons, was never marketed.

Clortermine (Voranil) was developed by Ciba in the 1960s and is an anorectic drug of the amphetamine class. It is the 2-chloro analogue of the better-known appetite suppressant phentermine and is the 2-chloro positional isomer of chlorphentermine. Clortermine produces very low rates of self-administration in animals similarly to chlorphentermine, and as a result it likely does not act on dopamine. Instead, it may act as a serotonin and/or norepinephrine releasing agent.

6-MAPB ('1-(benzofuran-6-yl)-N-methylpropan-2-amine') is an entactogen of the benzofuran family which is structurally related to 6-APB and MDMA. It is known to be a serotonin releasing agent and, unlike MDMA, a potent serotonin 5-HT1B receptor agonist. The drug is not known to have been widely sold as a "designer drug" but has been detected in analytical samples taken from individuals hospitalised after using drug combinations that included other benzofuran derivatives. 6-MAPB was first encountered as a novel designer drug in 2013 and described in the scientific literature in 2014. It was bann

'''para-Fluorophenylpiperazine (pFPP, 4-FPP, 4-Fluorophenylpiperazine; Fluoperazine, Flipiperazine''') is a piperazine derivative with mildly psychedelic and euphoriant effects. It has been sold as an ingredient in legal recreational drugs known as "Party pills", initially in New Zealand and subsequently in other countries around the world.

'''para-Methoxyphenylpiperazine (pMeOPP), also known as 4-methoxyphenylpiperazine (4-MeOPP'''), is a substituted piperazine derivative with stimulant effects which has been sold as an ingredient in "Party pills", initially in New Zealand and subsequently in other countries around the world.

MEAI, also known as 5-methoxy-2-aminoindane (5-MeO-AI) and by its developmental code name CMND-100, is an entactogen-like psychoactive drug of the 2-aminoindane family. It is a cyclized phenethylamine and is the 2-aminoindane analogue of 3-methoxyamphetamine. The drug acts as a serotonin–norepinephrine releasing agent (SNRA) or as a modestly selective serotonin releasing agent (SSRA), with about 6-fold preference for induction of serotonin over norepinephrine release. MEAI has been encountered as a novel designer recreational drug. It is also under development for potential medical use in the