ractopamine

Also known as ractopamine hydrochloride

Ractopamine () is an animal feed additive used to promote leanness and increase food conversion efficiency in farmed animals in few countries, banned in most. Pharmacologically, it is a phenol-based TAAR1 agonist and β adrenoreceptor agonist that stimulates β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly administered to animals for meat production as ractopamine hydrochloride. It is the active ingredient in products marketed in the US as Paylean for swine, Optaflexx for cattle, and Topmax for turkeys. It was developed by Elanco Animal Health, a former division of Eli Lilly and Company.

Chemical data

Formula: C18H23NO3
Molecular weight: 301.4 g/mol
IUPAC name: 4-[3-[[2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]butyl]phenol
SMILES: CC(CCC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)NCC(C2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O
InChIKey: YJQZYXCXBBCEAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
XLogP: 2.7
Polar surface area: 72.7 Å²
H-bond donors: 4
H-bond acceptors: 4
Formal charge: 0

via PubChem

Drug data · ChEMBL

Max clinical phase: Phase 2
Molecule type: Small molecule

via ChEMBL · EBI

Research

672 papers

Ractopamine residues in meat might reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.Nutrition and health · 2023
Ractopamine at the Center of Decades-Long Scientific and Legal Disputes: A Lesson on Benefits, Safety Issues, and Conflicts.Biomolecules · 2022
Ractopamine does not rescue Halothane and Rendement Napole metabolism postmortem.Meat science · 2023
Effect of ractopamine on the release of dopamine from the striatum dissected from mice.Physiology international · 2022
Ractopamine at legal residue dosage accelerates atherosclerosis by inducing endothelial dysfunction and promoting macrophage foam cell formation.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2022

via PubMed

Wikidata facts

Subclass of: chemical compound
Has part: carbon
Mass: 301.168

Show 3 more facts

chemical formula: C₁₈H₂₃NO₃
canonical SMILES: CC(CCC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)NCC(C2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O
Commons category: Ractopamine

Sources (3)

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Encyclopedic overview

29 sections

Contents

Mode of action
Regulation around the world
European Union
Canada, United States, Mexico
Japan, South Korea
Taiwan
China, Russia
New Zealand, Russia
WADA proscription
International disputes
US-EU WTO dispute
China
Taiwan
Malaysia
Russia
Pharmacokinetics in humans
Safety concerns
Target animal safety
Adverse effects
Acute toxicity
Genotoxicity and mutagenicity
Carcinogenicity
Cardiovascular effects
Musculoskeletal effects
Behavioral changes in humans
Analytical method for residues in livestock
In popular culture
References
External links

{{chembox | Verifiedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 458436321 | ImageFile = Ractopamine.svg | ImageClass = skin-invert-image | ImageSize = 260px | PIN = 4-(1-Hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol | OtherNames =

| Section1 =

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “ractopamine” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.

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