Monoterpenes

'''p-Menthane-3,8-diol, also known as para-menthane-3,8-diol, PMD, or menthoglycol', is an organic compound classified as a diol and a terpenoid. It is colorless. Its name reflects the hydrocarbon backbone, which is that of p''-menthane. A total of eight stereoisomers are possible, based on the three stereocenters of the ring. Depending on the source, one or more may predominate.

chemical compound

Lavandulol is a monoterpene alcohol found in a variety of essential oils such as lavender oil. The term refers to either of two enantiomers. The (R)-enantiomer is natural and has an aroma described as "weak floral, herbal odor with slightly lemon-like, fresh citrus fruity nuance"; the (S)-enantiomer has only a weak odor.

Cymene describes organic compounds with the formula . Three isomers exist: 1,2- 1,3-, and 1,4-. All are colorless liquids, immiscible in water, with similar boiling points. They are classified as aromatic hydrocarbons. They bear two substituents: an isopropyl () group and a methyl group. {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" | colspan="4" class="colspan="4"" | Cymenes |- ! Name | o-Cymene || m-Cymene || p-Cymene |- ! Structural formula | 110px || 110px || 90px |- ! CAS number | 527-84-4 || 535-77-3 || 99–87–6 |- ! melting point (°C) | −71.54 || −63.75 || −67.94

2-Methylisoborneol (MIB) is an irregular monoterpene derived from the universal monoterpene precursor geranyl pyrophosphate. MIB and the irregular sesquiterpene geosmin together account for the majority of biologically caused taste and odor outbreaks in drinking water worldwide. MIB has a distinct earthy or musty odor, which most people can easily smell. The odor detection threshold of MIB is very low, ranging from 0.002 to 0.02 micrograms per liter in water. MIB is also a factor in cork taint in winemaking.

chemical compound

chemical compound

Umbellulone is a headache-inducing monoterpene ketone found in the leaves of the tree Umbellularia californica, sometimes known as the "headache tree".

Sobrerol is a mucolytic.

Myrtenol is a chemical compound isolated from plants in the genus Taxus.

chemical compound

Isoborneol is a bicyclic organic compound and a terpene derivative. The hydroxyl group in this compound is placed in an exo position. The endo diastereomer is called borneol. Being chiral, isoborneol exists as enantiomers.

Menthoxypropanediol (also known as Cooling agent 10 [tradename of Takasago]), is a synthetic derivative of menthol. While the cooling strength of 3-(l-menthoxy)propane-1,2-diol is accepted as being about 20–25% that of menthol, it is also noted that "in a Vaseline ointment, 3-(l-menthoxy)propane-1,2-diol shows a cool feeling 2.0 to 2.5 times stronger than that of l-menthol". It is used in various cosmetic chemical concoctions.

Epomediol (trade name Clesidren) is a synthetic terpenoid with choleretic effects. It has been used in the symptomatic treatment of itching due to intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.

Camphorquinone, also known as 2,3-bornanedione, is an organic compound derived from camphor. A yellow solid, it is used as a photoinitiator in curing dental composites. Camphorquinone is produced by the oxidation of camphor with selenium dioxide.

Thujaplicin (isopropyl cycloheptatrienolone) is any of three isomeric tropolone-related natural products that have been isolated from the softwoods of the trees of Cupressaceae family. These compounds are known for their antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. They were the first natural tropolones to be made synthetically.

Lineatin is a pheromone produced by female striped ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron lineatum Olivier. These kinds of beetles are responsible for extensive damage of coniferous forest infestation in Europe and North America. Since lineatin can act as lures used for mass-trapping of T. lineatum, it is being studied to apply as a pest control reagent.

Verbenol (2-pine-4-ol) is a group of stereoisomeric bicyclic monoterpene alcohols. These compounds have been found to be active components of insect pheromones and essential oils. ==Isomers==

Pinane describes a pair of isomeric hydrocarbons. The isomers, actually diastereomers, are both chiral. They are the cis and trans isomers arising from the hydrogenation of the terpenes pinene. Both isomers undergo reaction with air (autoxidation) to give 2-pinane hydroperoxides. Partial reduction of these isomers gives 2-pinanol. Pyrolysis of pinane gives dimethyloctadienes, which can be further transformed into the fragrance chemical dihydromyrcenol. thumb|center|Formation of dimethyloctadienes