Muslim monarchs

Akbar (Jalal-ud-Din Muhammad Akbar, – ), also known as Akbar the Great, was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun, under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped the young emperor expand and consolidate Mughal domains in the Indian subcontinent. He is generally considered one of the greatest emperors in Indian history and led a successful campaign to unify the various kingdoms of Hindūstān or India proper.

Timur (1320s17/18 February 1405), also known as Tamerlane, was a Turco-Mongol conqueror, first ruler of the Timurid dynasty, and the founder of the Timurid Empire, which ruled over modern-day Afghanistan, Iran, and Central Asia. He was undefeated in battle and is widely regarded as one of the greatest military leaders and tacticians in history, as well as one of the most brutal and deadly. Timur is also considered a great patron of the arts, for he interacted with scholars and poets such as ibn Khaldun, Hafez, and Hafiz-i Abru. His reign led to the Timurid Renaissance.

King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

King of Morocco since 1999

sultan of Oman from 1970 to 2020 (1940–2020)

King of Morocco from 1961 to 1999

emir of Kuwait (1929–2020)

Emir of Qatar from 1995 to 2013

Sultan of Oman since 2020 (born 1955)

King of Libya from 1951 to 1969

Emir of Kuwait (1937–2023)

ruler of Ghurid Sultanate from 1173 to 1206

Emir of Kuwait since 2023

Emir of Kuwait from 1977 to 2006

Soltan of Khwarezm Empire (1200–1220)

Emir of Bahrain (1961-1999)

former Emir of Qatar (1932–2016)

Amir of the Samanid Empire from 892 to 907

King and Grand Sharif (1879–1935)

Emir of Qatar

Almış or Almuš (Almysh Elteber, Almish Yiltawar, , , ), iltäbär of the Volga Bulgars, is believed to have been the first Muslim ruler (emir) of Volga Bulgaria.

Turkic ruler

Begum of Bhopal (1838–1901)

Sultan of Ghurid Empire

Sultan of Darfur

Ruler of Bahrain (1894–1961)

Nawab begum of Bhopal

Cambodian King (1642-1658)

thumb|300px|The tomb of Malikussaleh in Beuringen village, Samudra District, North Aceh

Head of Kharijite state from 685 to 691/692

1st Sultan of Maguindanao

khagan of Karakhanids

Begum of bhopal

Nawab Begum of Bhopal

karakhanid ruler

khan of Kara Kyrgyz Khanate

oba of Lagos

oba of Lagos (1893–1964)

North Caucasian politician and émigré leader (1901–1981)

Sultan of Darfur

king of Champa