Timur

Also known as Timur the Lame, Timur Beg Gurkhani, Temur, Tiemuer, Emir Timur, Amir Timur, Tīmur ibn Taragay Barlas, Timur the Tartar

Timur (1320s17/18 February 1405), also known as Tamerlane, was a Turco-Mongol conqueror, first ruler of the Timurid dynasty, and the founder of the Timurid Empire, which ruled over modern-day Afghanistan, Iran, and Central Asia. He was undefeated in battle and is widely regarded as one of the greatest military leaders and tacticians in history, as well as one of the most brutal and deadly. Timur is also considered a great patron of the arts, for he interacted with scholars and poets such as ibn Khaldun, Hafez, and Hafiz-i Abru. His reign led to the Timurid Renaissance.

OverviewAI-generated

Timur was a male warrior and Amir who lived during the Timurid Empire. Born in Shahrisabz on 9 April 1336, he died in Otrar on 19 February 1405. He was buried in Gur-e Amir and was a member of the Timurid dynasty. His father was Taraqai, and he held the noble titles of bey, Mirza, and Amir. He was married to Saray Malik Katun.

Timur had four children: Shah Rukh, Miran Shah, Jahangir Mirza ibn Timur, and Umar Shaikh. He practiced Sunni Islam and spoke Chagatai, Persian, and Middle Mongolian. His notable works include *Avtobigrafii︠a︡ Timura*, *Autobiography of Timur*, *Timur ve tüzükâtı*, *Institutes, political and military*, *Tarkhannye iarlyki Tokhtamysha*, and *Timur-Kutluka i Saadet-Gireia*. He is quoted as saying, "It is better to be at the right place with ten men than absent with ten thousand."

Synthesized by Vinony from 41 facts across 7 sources: Wikidata, Crossref, Open Library, MusicBrainz, Last.fm, Wikiquote, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Person · Open Library

Born: 9 April 1336
Died: 19 February 1405
Works: 31

Top works

Tarkhannye iarlyki Tokhtamysha, Timur-Kutluka i Saadet-Gireia
Institutes, political and military
Avtobigrafii︠a︡ Timura
Autobiography of Timur
Timur ve tüzükâtı

via Open Library + Wikidata

Music · MusicBrainz

Type: Person
Gender: Male
Origin: Germany
Active from: 1967

has german audiobooks

Discogs

via MusicBrainz · CC0

Listeners · Last.fm

Listeners: 2,678
Total plays: 12,940

Recent publications · Crossref

5 total works indexed

Present and Future of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering
· 2019 · cited 3,698x
Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease
· 2020 · cited 3,586x
Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia
· 2022 · cited 2,664x
Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
· 2024 · cited 2,558x
2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiomyopathies
· 2023 · cited 2,484x

via Crossref · CC0

Quotes

“It is better to be at the right place with ten men than absent with ten thousand.”
“It is good to go swiftly and break an enemy’s power, before he has mustered his full strength. No greater army should be taken than can be maintained on the way.”

via Wikiquote · CC BY-SA

Key facts

Royalty.name: Timur
Royalty.full name: Shuja-ud-din Timur
Royalty.regnal name: Shihab-e-Qiran Amir Timur Gurqani
Royalty.image: Timur reconstruction03.jpg
Royalty.caption: Facial reconstruction from Timur's skull, by Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gerasimov
Royalty.reign: 9 April 137018 February 1405
Royalty.coronation: 9 April 1370, Balkh
Royalty.successor: Khalil Sultan
Royalty.succession: Amir of the Timurid Empire
Royalty.spouse: Saray Mulk Khanum
Royalty.spouse type: Consort
Royalty.spouses type: Wives
Royalty.issue link: Descendants
Royalty.dynasty: Timurid
Royalty.father: Amir Taraghai
Royalty.mother: Tekina Khatun
Royalty.birth_date: 1320s
Royalty.birth_place: near Kesh, Chagatai Khanate

via Wikipedia infobox

~50 min read

Encyclopedic overview

39 sections

Contents

Ancestry
Early life
Military leader
Rise to power
Legitimization of Timur's rule
Period of expansion
Conquest of Persia
Tokhtamysh–Timur war
Ismailis
Campaign against the Delhi Sultanate
Capture of Delhi (1398)
Campaigns in the Caucasus and the Levant
Invasion of Anatolia
Attempts to attack the Ming dynasty
Death
Succession
Religious views
Personality
Exchanges with Europe
Legacy
Historical sources
''Malfuzat-i Timuri''
European views
Exhumation and alleged curse
In the arts
Wives and concubines
Descendants
Sons of Timur
Daughters of Timur
Sons of Umar Shaikh Mirza I
Sons of Jahangir
Sons of Miran Shah
Sons of Shah Rukh Mirza
See also
Notes
Citations
Sources
Further reading
External links

Born into the Turkicized Mongol confederation of the Barlas in Transoxiana (now in Uzbekistan) in the 1320s, Timur gained control of the western Chagatai Khanate by 1370 and from there he led a series of military campaigns defeating the Khans of the Golden Horde, the Mamluk Sultanate in Egypt and Syria, the emerging Ottoman Empire, as well as the Delhi Sultanate in the Indian subcontinent, thus becoming the most powerful ruler in the Muslim world. These conquests led to the creation of the Timurid Empire, which fragmented shortly after his death. He spoke several languages, including the Karluk Turkic language Chagatai (an ancestor of modern Uzbek and Uyghur), as well as Classical Mongolian and New Persian, which he used for diplomatic correspondence.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “Timur” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.