Non-coding RNA

French microbiologist and biochemist (born 1968)

adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 76–90 nucleotides, that carries amino acids to the ribosome as directed by codons in mRNA

RNA component of the ribosome, essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms

thumb|262px|Diagram of the CRISPR prokaryotic antiviral defense mechanism CRISPR (; acronym for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a family of DNA sequences found in the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and archaea. Each sequence within an individual prokaryotic CRISPR is derived from a DNA fragment of a bacteriophage that had previously infected the prokaryote or one of its ancestors. These sequences are used to detect and destroy DNA from similar bacteriophages during subsequent infections. Hence these sequences play a key role in the antiviral (i.

thumb|400px|Pre-miRNA instead of Pri-miRNA in the first point of mechanism. Diagram of microRNA (miRNA) action with mRNA thumb|400px|Examples of miRNA hairpins (stem-loops), with the mature miRNAs shown in red

biomolecule

class of RNA that is not translated into proteins

class of RNA molecules, found in splicing speckles and Cajal bodies, about 150 nucleotides long

RNA molecules hybridizing to complementary sequences in either RNA or DNA, altering the function of the latter

largest class of small non-coding RNA molecules in animals

non-protein coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides

class of small RNA molecules that guide chemical modifications of other RNAs

type of regulatory sequence

class of artificial enzymes

artificial nucleases that cleave DNA at a defined distance from specific sequences

temperature-dependent RNA structure

Xist (X-inactive specific transcript) is a non-coding RNA transcribed from the X chromosome of the placental mammals that acts as a major effector of the X-inactivation process. It is a component of the Xic – X-chromosome inactivation centre – along with two other RNA genes (Jpx and Ftx) and two protein genes (Tsx and Cnbp2).

type of RNA

biological process

non-coding RNA in the species Homo sapiens

Biological molecule

type of RNA

untranslated RNA

Enzymatic section of RNA

small nuclear RNA in the species Homo sapiens

non-coding RNA in the species Homo sapiens

small, usually non-coding RNA molecule

A retron is a distinct DNA sequence found in the genome of many bacteria species that codes for reverse transcriptase and a unique single-stranded DNA/RNA hybrid called multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA). Retron msr RNA is the non-coding RNA produced by retron elements and is the immediate precursor to the synthesis of msDNA. The retron msr RNA folds into a characteristic secondary structure that contains a conserved guanosine residue at the end of a stem loop. Synthesis of DNA by the retron-encoded reverse transcriptase (RT) results in a DNA/RNA chimera which is composed of small single-st