XIST
Sign in to saveAlso known as DXS1089, DXS399E, LINC00001, NCRNA00001, SXI1, swd66, X inactive specific transcript (non-protein coding), X inactive specific transcript
Xist (X-inactive specific transcript) is a non-coding RNA transcribed from the X chromosome of the placental mammals that acts as a major effector of the X-inactivation process. It is a component of the Xic – X-chromosome inactivation centre – along with two other RNA genes (Jpx and Ftx) and two protein genes (Tsx and Cnbp2).
Wikidata facts
- Image
- XistRNADNAFISH.jpg
Show 4 more facts
- exact match
- identifiers.org/ncbigene/7503
- cytogenetic location
- Xq13.2
- genomic start
- 73040486
- genomic end
- 73072588
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~12 min read
Article
21 sectionsContents
- Function
- Gene location
- Transcript organization
- A region
- C region
- X-inactivation centre (XIC)
- Tsix antisense transcript
- Regulation of the Xist promoter
- Methylation
- dsRNA and RNAi
- Tsix independent mechanisms
- Pluripotent cell transcriptional factors
- Polycomb repressive complex
- Dosage compensation
- X-inactivation cycle
- Disease linkage
- Interactions
- See also
- References
- Further reading
- External links
Xist (X-inactive specific transcript) is a non-coding RNA transcribed from the X chromosome of the placental mammals that acts as a major effector of the X-inactivation process. It is a component of the Xic – X-chromosome inactivation centre – along with two other RNA genes (Jpx and Ftx) and two protein genes (Tsx and Cnbp2).
The Xist RNA, a large (17 kb in humans) transcript, is expressed on the inactive chromosome and not on the active one. It is processed in a similar way to mRNAs, through splicing and polyadenylation. However, it remains untranslated. It has been suggested that this RNA gene evolved at least partly from a protein-coding gene that became a pseudogene. The inactive X chromosome is coated with this transcript, which is essential for the inactivation. X chromosomes lacking Xist will not be inactivated, while duplication of the Xist gene on another chromosome causes inactivation of that chromosome.