Philosophy writers

German writer, artist, natural scientist and politician (1749–1832)

Dutch philosopher (1632-1677)

16th Roman Emperor from 161 to 180 and Stoic philosopher

Austrian philosopher and logician (1889–1951)

Czech statesman, playwright, and former dissident, the last president of Czechoslovakia and the first president of the Czech Republic (1936–2011)

Russian revolutionary anarchist and philosopher (1814–1876)

Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus (; September 129 – CE), often anglicized as Galen () or Galen of Pergamon, was a Roman and Greek physician, surgeon, and philosopher. Considered to be one of the most accomplished of all medical researchers of antiquity, Galen influenced the development of various scientific disciplines, including anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and neurology, as well as philosophy and logic.

Russian-born American anarchist (1869–1940)

German-American political theorist and philosopher (1906–1975)

Protagoras ( ; ; ) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher and rhetorical theorist. He is numbered as one of the sophists by Plato. In his dialogue Protagoras, Plato credits him with inventing the role of the professional sophist.

Slovenian philosopher (born 1949)

Greek philosopher, founder of Stoicism

Irish-born British writer and philosopher (1919–1999)

theoretical physicist and mathematician (1923–2020)

Hungarian marxist philosopher and literary critic (1885–1971)

Chinese inventor, novelist and philosopher (1895–1976)

Hungarian-British polymath (1891–1976)

Thiruvalluvar, commonly known as Valluvar, was an Indian poet and philosopher. He is best known as the author of the Tirukkuṟaḷ, a collection of couplets on ethics, political and economic matters, and love. The text is considered an exceptional and widely cherished work of Tamil literature.

Spanish philosophy professor and author

Spanish politician (1824–1901)

Finland Swedish philosopher, professor and member of the Academy of Finland (1916–2003)

Italian priest, writer, librarian, historian and diplomat

Dutch author and politician (born 1983)

American anarchist (1947–2004)

Swiss writer (1888-1965)

Norwegian philosopher

Columbian-born Indian theosophist and writer (1901-1986)

German-American anarchist

Azerbaijani philosopher (1932–2021)

Belgian missionary

Azerbaijani scientist and philosopher

American model and philosopher

Canadian-British philosopher (born 1933)

Chilean philosopher