Propaganda techniques

Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information. This may be done on the basis that such material is considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or "inconvenient". Censorship can be conducted by governments and private institutions. When an individual such as an author or other creator engages in censorship of their own works or speech, it is referred to as self-censorship. General censorship occurs in a variety of different media, including speech, books, music, films, and other arts, the press, radio, television, and the Internet for a variety of claimed

thumb|Sign at a Rite Aid drugstore using common euphemisms for (from top): |alt=A yellow sign with a pointed bottom. At the top is the number 5 in an oval with a blue background. Below it are the words "family planning", "feminine hygiene", "feminine protection" and "sanitary protection"

false or misleading information presented as news

Disinformation is false or misleading information deliberately spread to deceive people, or to secure economic or political gain and which may cause public harm. Disinformation is an orchestrated adversarial activity in which actors employ strategic deceptions and media manipulation tactics to advance political, military, or commercial goals. Disinformation is implemented through coordinated campaigns that "weaponize multiple rhetorical strategies and forms of knowing—including not only falsehoods but also truths, half-truths, and value judgements—to exploit and amplify culture wars and other

thumb|In 1995, Food and Drug Administration|FDA's assertion of authority to regulate [[tobacco drew heavy opposition from the tobacco industry, which erupted into lawsuits and slogans urging "Keep FDA Off the Farm."]] thumb|An old Intel slogan used from 1971 to 1972.

use of techniques of mass media, propaganda, the arts, patriotism, and government-organized demonstrations to create an idealized, heroic, and worshipful image of a leader or person

fallacious argumentative strategy that avoids genuine discussion of the topic by instead attacking the character, motive etc. of the person(s) associated with the argument

military information operations aimed at promoting behaviour to assist military objectives

Brainwashing is the systematic effort to get someone to adopt a particular deception, loyalty, instruction, or doctrine, usually without being noticed. It is also a term that refers in general to psychological techniques that manipulate action or thought against a person's will, desire, or knowledge. It attempts to damage individual or group attitudes, frames of reference, beliefs, values or loyalties by demonstrating that current thinking patterns and attitudes are wrong and need change. It is said to reduce its subject's ability to think critically or independently, to allow the introduction

act with the intent of disguising the actual source of responsibility and pinning blame on a second party

thumb|upright|Hitler Youth members performing the Nazi salute at a rally at the Lustgarten in [[Berlin, 1933]]

structure built solely to deceive others into thinking that a situation is better than it really is

fallacy of claiming that a proposition must be true because many or most people believe it

thumb|right|250px|The term "obscurationism" was coined during debates involving scholar Johann Reuchlin|Johannes Reuchlin (1455–1522). Obscurantism, also called obscurationism, is a polemical charge of deliberately presenting information in an abstruse and imprecise manner that limits further inquiry and understanding of a subject. Obscurantism has been defined as anti-intellectual opposition to the dissemination of knowledge and as writing characterized by deliberate vagueness.

marketing and political strategies aimed at promoting products, countries, people, or entities to LGBTI people; using LGBTI-related symbols in order to be perceived as progressive, modern, and tolerant

fallacy of incomplete evidence

media phenomenon when beliefs are amplified or reinforced by communication and repetition inside a closed system

phenomenon whereby the rate of uptake of beliefs, ideas, fads and trends increases the more that they have already been adopted by others

public trial in which the guilt of the defendant is predetermined

ability of the mass media to influence the public agenda of a society

gross distortion or misrepresentation of the truth

Doublethink is a process of indoctrination in which subjects are expected to simultaneously accept two conflicting beliefs as truth, often at odds with their own memory or sense of reality. George Orwell coined the term doublethink as part of the fictional language of Newspeak in his 1949 dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four.

tactic used to influence opinion by disseminating negative, dubious, or false information

form of propaganda in public relations

rhetorical technique using mere volume and rapidity of arguments

logical fallacy characterized by the manipulation of the recipient's emotions in order to win an argument, especially in the absence of factual evidence

Fabrication or exaggeration of victimhood

set of concepts and theoretical perspectives in social sciences on how individuals, groups, and societies, organize, perceive, and communicate about reality

thumb|Anti-denialist banner at the 2017 Climate March in Washington, D.C.

political messaging using coded language

thumb|José Clemente Orozco's painting The Demagogue, 1946

a cliché that evolved into a rhetorical tactic

term for internet commentators who are paid to sway public opinion for the Chinese Communist Party

specific political action meant to exemplify and catalyse revolution

In internet slang, rage-baiting (also ragebaiting, rage-farming, or rage-seeding) is the manipulative tactic of eliciting outrage with the goal of increasing internet traffic, online engagement, and revenue, as well as attracting new subscribers, followers, or supporters. This manipulation occurs through offensive or inflammatory headlines, memes, tropes, or comments that provoke users to respond in kind.

fallacy in which a person attempts to create support for an idea by using deception and propaganda in attempts to increase fear and prejudice toward a competitor

state of over-analyzing which leads to decision delay and worse outcome

term for the actions of political warfare conducted by the Soviet and Russian security services

A half-truth is a deceptive statement that includes some element of truth. The statement might be partly true, the statement may be totally true, but only part of the whole truth, or it may use some deceptive element, such as improper punctuation, or double meaning, especially if the intent is to deceive, evade, blame or misrepresent the truth.

broadcasting aimed at a foreign audience

thumb|upright=1.1| (), drypoint by Albrecht Dürer 1512 depicting [[Jesus Christ]] Scapegoating, sometimes called playing the blame game, is the practice of singling out a person or group for unmerited blame and consequent negative treatment. Scapegoating may be conducted by individuals against individuals (e.g., "he did it, not me!"), individuals against groups (e.g., "I couldn't see anything because of all the tall people"), groups against individuals (e.g., "He was the reason our team didn't win"), and groups against groups.

claim or allegation of wrongdoing that is untrue

tendency to believe false information when repeated

methods of mind manipulation, often based on logical fallacies

use of political means to compel an opponent with hostile intent

type of reasoning fallacy

increased short-run support for a leader in crisis or war

Lawfare is the use of legal systems and institutions to affect foreign or domestic affairs, as a more peaceful and rational alternative, or as a less benign adjunct, to warfare.

website that deliberately publishes hoaxes and disinformation

propaganda that does not hide its origin or nature

A pretext (: pretextual) is an excuse to do something or say something that is not accurate. Pretexts may be based on a half-truth or developed in the context of a misleading fabrication. Pretexts have been used to conceal the true purpose or rationale behind actions and words. They are often heard in political speeches.

arrangement in which fear of retribution is pervasive

propaganda technique

act of a government or state to manipulate the Internet

explanation of how an attitude or belief can be protected against influence in much the same way a body can be protected against disease

thumb|250px|right|1796 fashion caricature by Richard Newton (caricaturist)|Richard Newton parodying a woman's headdress, gown style and extra-slim tights using exaggeration

hypothesis

strategies of rhetoric

propaganda technique

type of informal fallacy